Metals and phosphorus in the sediments of streams emptying into the Çanakkale strait (Dardanelles): Spatial distribution, pollution status, risk assessment and source identification

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dc.authoridtokatli, cem/0000-0003-2080-7920
dc.contributor.authorVarol, Memet
dc.contributor.authorTokatli, Cem
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-12T15:50:11Z
dc.date.available2024-06-12T15:50:11Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentTrakya Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe & Ccedil;anakkale Strait is exposed to various pollutants due to its strategic location. It is thought that stream inputs may contribute significantly to metal and phosphorus (P) accumulation in the strait. In this study, the spatial distribution, pollution status, ecological risks and possible sources of twelve metals and P in the sediments of seven important streams emptying into the strait were analyzed. The results showed that Zn (226 mg/kg), Ba (67.2 mg/kg) and Pb (10.4 mg/kg) concentrations were higher in the Umurbey Stream due to mining activities, while P concentration (295 mg/kg) was higher in the & Ccedil;anakkale Stream due to both agricultural activities and domestic wastewater discharges. Modified hazard quotient (mHQ), enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (Cf) values revealed that Zn and Pb showed high and moderate contamination in the US3 and US4 sampling sites of the Umurbey Stream, respectively. Similarly, P showed moderate contamination in the & Ccedil;S3 site of the & Ccedil;anakkale Stream. Nemerow pollution index (NPI) showed that the US3 (2.41) and US4 (4.28) sites of the Umurbey Stream were slightly and moderately polluted, respectively. Toxic risk index (TRI) values demonstrated that the sediments in only the US4 site (5.17) of the Umurbey Stream may pose a low toxic risk due to high Zn content. Similarly, based on comparison results with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), it was found that high Zn content may lead to adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms in the US4 site. In addition, the PECquotient value in the US4 site exceeded 0.5, confirming the finding that the sediments in this site could be toxic to benthic organisms. Finally, correlation, cluster and factor analyzes were used to determine possible sources of elements. Mining activities, natural sources and mixed sources (agricultural activities and natural sources) were identified as the main sources of elements in the sediments of the streams. This study can provide an important reference for evaluating stream sediment pollution and managing marine pollution.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipTrakya Uni-versity [2022-168]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research (Project no: 2022-168) was supported by Trakya Uni-versity. Special thanks are given to Editor Bixian Mai and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions for improving this manuscript.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envres.2024.118795
dc.identifier.issn0013-9351
dc.identifier.issn1096-0953
dc.identifier.pmid38555082en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85189031484en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118795
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/17889
dc.identifier.volume252en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001218450900001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAcademic Press Inc Elsevier Scienceen_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Researchen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subject& Ccedil;Anakkale Straiten_US
dc.subjectMetalsen_US
dc.subjectPhosphorusen_US
dc.subjectSedimenten_US
dc.subjectSource Identificationen_US
dc.subjectStream Inputs: Risk Assessmenten_US
dc.subjectEcological Risken_US
dc.subjectHeavy-Metalsen_US
dc.subjectRiveren_US
dc.subjectQualityen_US
dc.subjectWateren_US
dc.subjectIndexesen_US
dc.subjectContaminationen_US
dc.subjectElementsen_US
dc.subjectBasinen_US
dc.titleMetals and phosphorus in the sediments of streams emptying into the Çanakkale strait (Dardanelles): Spatial distribution, pollution status, risk assessment and source identificationen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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