Metals and phosphorus in the sediments of streams emptying into the Çanakkale strait (Dardanelles): Spatial distribution, pollution status, risk assessment and source identification
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
The & Ccedil;anakkale Strait is exposed to various pollutants due to its strategic location. It is thought that stream inputs may contribute significantly to metal and phosphorus (P) accumulation in the strait. In this study, the spatial distribution, pollution status, ecological risks and possible sources of twelve metals and P in the sediments of seven important streams emptying into the strait were analyzed. The results showed that Zn (226 mg/kg), Ba (67.2 mg/kg) and Pb (10.4 mg/kg) concentrations were higher in the Umurbey Stream due to mining activities, while P concentration (295 mg/kg) was higher in the & Ccedil;anakkale Stream due to both agricultural activities and domestic wastewater discharges. Modified hazard quotient (mHQ), enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (Cf) values revealed that Zn and Pb showed high and moderate contamination in the US3 and US4 sampling sites of the Umurbey Stream, respectively. Similarly, P showed moderate contamination in the & Ccedil;S3 site of the & Ccedil;anakkale Stream. Nemerow pollution index (NPI) showed that the US3 (2.41) and US4 (4.28) sites of the Umurbey Stream were slightly and moderately polluted, respectively. Toxic risk index (TRI) values demonstrated that the sediments in only the US4 site (5.17) of the Umurbey Stream may pose a low toxic risk due to high Zn content. Similarly, based on comparison results with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), it was found that high Zn content may lead to adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms in the US4 site. In addition, the PECquotient value in the US4 site exceeded 0.5, confirming the finding that the sediments in this site could be toxic to benthic organisms. Finally, correlation, cluster and factor analyzes were used to determine possible sources of elements. Mining activities, natural sources and mixed sources (agricultural activities and natural sources) were identified as the main sources of elements in the sediments of the streams. This study can provide an important reference for evaluating stream sediment pollution and managing marine pollution.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
& Ccedil;Anakkale Strait, Metals, Phosphorus, Sediment, Source Identification, Stream Inputs: Risk Assessment, Ecological Risk, Heavy-Metals, River, Quality, Water, Indexes, Contamination, Elements, Basin
Kaynak
Environmental Research
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
252
