Dual Band and Dual Diversity Four-Element MIMO Dipole for 5G Handsets

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dc.authoridNauman, Ali/0000-0002-2133-5286
dc.authoridRehman, Masood Ur/0000-0001-6926-7983
dc.authoridFrnda, Jaroslav/0000-0001-6065-3087
dc.authoridAlthuwayb, Ayman A./0000-0001-5160-5016
dc.authoridJamshed, Muhammad Ali/0000-0002-2141-9025
dc.authoridCengiz, Korhan/0000-0001-6594-8861
dc.authoridCengiz, Korhan/0000-0001-6594-8861
dc.authorwosidNauman, Ali/KJD-5577-2024
dc.authorwosidRehman, Masood Ur/K-5688-2018
dc.authorwosidFrnda, Jaroslav/M-1454-2019
dc.authorwosidAlthuwayb, Ayman A./ABG-2235-2020
dc.authorwosidJamshed, Muhammad Ali/AAB-3421-2019
dc.authorwosidCengiz, Korhan/HTN-8060-2023
dc.authorwosidCengiz, Korhan/ABD-5559-2020
dc.contributor.authorJamshed, Muhammad Ali
dc.contributor.authorUr-Rehman, Masood
dc.contributor.authorFrnda, Jaroslav
dc.contributor.authorAlthuwayb, Ayman A.
dc.contributor.authorNauman, Ali
dc.contributor.authorCengiz, Korhan
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-12T11:08:50Z
dc.date.available2024-06-12T11:08:50Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentTrakya Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe increasing popularity of using wireless devices to handle routine tasks has increased the demand for incorporating multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology to utilize limited bandwidth efficiently. The presence of comparatively large space at the base station (BS) makes it straightforward to exploit the MIMO technology's useful properties. From a mobile handset point of view, and limited space at the mobile handset, complex procedures are required to increase the number of active antenna elements. In this paper, to address such type of issues, a four-element MIMO dual band, dual diversity, dipole antenna has been proposed for 5G-enabled handsets. The proposed antenna design relies on space diversity as well as pattern diversity to provide an acceptable MIMO performance. The proposed dipole antenna simultaneously operates at 3.6 and 4.7 sub-6 GHz bands. The usefulness of the proposed 4x4 MIMO dipole antenna has been verified by comparing the simulated and measured results using a fabricated version of the proposed antenna. A specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis has been carried out using CST Voxel (a heterogeneous biological human head) model, which shows maximum SAR value for 10 g of head tissue is well below the permitted value of 2.0 W/kg. The total efficiency of each antenna element in this structure is -2.88, -3.12, -1.92 and -2.45 dB at 3.6 GHz, while at 4.7 GHz are -1.61, -2.19, -1.72 and -1.18 dB respectively. The isolation, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) between the adjacent ports and the loss in capacity is below the standard margin, making the structure appropriate for MIMO applications. The effect of handgrip and the housing box on the total antenna efficiency is analyzed, and only 5% variation is observed, which results from careful placement of antenna elements.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipFaculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications-University of Zilina [3/KKMHI/2020]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by the institutional research of the Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications-University of Zilina, no. 3/KKMHI/2020.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s21030767
dc.identifier.issn1424-8220
dc.identifier.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.pmid33498805en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85099883816en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/s21030767
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/22583
dc.identifier.volume21en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000615506400001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofSensorsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectMultiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)en_US
dc.subjectPrinted Dipoleen_US
dc.subject5G Handset Antennasen_US
dc.subjectDual Banden_US
dc.subjectDual Diversityen_US
dc.titleDual Band and Dual Diversity Four-Element MIMO Dipole for 5G Handsetsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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