Extraction Induced by Emulsion Breaking for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn Determination in Chocolate by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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dc.authoridBakircioglu, Dilek/0000-0003-3384-0340
dc.authoridBakircioglu Kurtulus, Yasemin/0000-0003-3013-5793
dc.authorwosidBakircioglu, Dilek/Q-2648-2017
dc.authorwosidBakircioglu Kurtulus, Yasemin/Q-2570-2017
dc.contributor.authorBakircioglu, Dilek
dc.contributor.authorKurtulus, Yasemin Bakircioglu
dc.contributor.authorTopraksever, Nukte
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-12T11:19:16Z
dc.date.available2024-06-12T11:19:16Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentTrakya Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractBackground Chocolate is a rich source of essential and non-essential elements. A new liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) approach, extraction induced by emulsion breaking (EIEB), is proposed in which the analyzed elements are transferred from the organic phase to the aqueous phase before measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Objective To compare EIEB to microwave digestion (MWD) for extraction of elements from chocolate prior to FAAS. Methods EIEB parameters were varied to optimize the procedure. EIEB-FAAS was then compared to MWD-FAAS for the analysis of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in milk and dark chocolate samples. A certified reference material (NIST 2384, baking chocolate) was analyzed to determine the recoveries of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn by the two methods. Results The optimized EIEB extraction method involves dilution of tempered chocolate with toluene, ultrasonic emulsification with acidified Triton X-114, breaking the emulsion by heating, and centrifugation to produce two well-defined phases. Analysis of dark and milk chocolate samples showed similar repeatability by EIEB-FAAS (RSDr 0.3 to 6.6% in dark and 0.5 to 8.7% in milk) and MWD-FAAS (RSDr 0.5 to 5.4% in dark and 0.7 to 10.2% in milk), with no significant difference detected between the methods for analysis of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn based on Student's t-test. Analysis of NIST 2384 baking chocolate certified reference material for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn demonstrated recoveries of 98.6 to 99.5% for EIEB-FAAS compared to 95.8 to 98.6% for MWD-FAAS. Conclusion EIEB-FAAS was shown to provide high recovery and excellent repeatability for accurate determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn from dark and milk chocolates.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnit of the Scientific Research Projects of Trakya University [TUBAP2017/226]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWe acknowledge the financial support of the Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Trakya University (TUBAP2017/226).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/jaoacint/qsac048
dc.identifier.endpage1308en_US
dc.identifier.issn1060-3271
dc.identifier.issn1944-7922
dc.identifier.issue5en_US
dc.identifier.pmid35471246en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85137163155en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage1299en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsac048
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/25143
dc.identifier.volume105en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000809609600001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherOxford Univ Press Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal Of Aoac Internationalen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectLiquid-Liquid Microextractionen_US
dc.subjectEdible Oilsen_US
dc.subjectCrude-Oilen_US
dc.subjectSamplesen_US
dc.subjectMetalsen_US
dc.subjectDigestionen_US
dc.subjectZincen_US
dc.subjectCden_US
dc.subjectMicrowaveen_US
dc.subjectNickelen_US
dc.titleExtraction Induced by Emulsion Breaking for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn Determination in Chocolate by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometryen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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