Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri kullanarak Avrupa Kırmızı Orman Karıncasının ( Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783) Türkiye'deki dağılımının haritalanması, sürdürülebilir koruma planı ve izleme programının yürütülmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada Avrupa Kırmızı Orman Karıncasının (Formica pratensis) Türkiye’deki tek dağılım alanı olan Trakya bölgesindeki popülasyonları iki yıl süresinde tespit edilerek yuvalar kayıt altına alınmıştır. İki yıl süreyle gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları ile Kırklareli ve Edirne illerinde 60 yeni yuva tespit edilirken literatürde kaydı bulunan aktif 22 yuva da bu çalışmaya dahil edilerek toplam 82 yuva üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sürecinde 10 yuvanın yok olduğu tespit edildiğinden güncel olarak aktif 72 yuva bulunmaktadır. İki yıl süresince izlenen yuvalarda yapılan ölçümler ve gözlem verileri ile her bir yuva için yuva kartı oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan analizler ile yuvaların; optimum dağılış gösterdiği yükselti basamağının 300-600 m arasında ve 0-200 m suya yakınlık mesafesinde olduğu, ağırlıklı olarak ziraat alanı vasfında olan tarla ya da orman içi açıklık alanlarda inşaa edildiği, B formlu yuvanın en sık gözlemlenen yuva morfolojisi olduğu, yuvaların ağırlıklı olarak güney ara ve ana yönlere bakan bakılarda kurulduğu, koloni bireylerinin meşe ve böğürtlen türlerini yoğun şekilde ziyaret ettiği ve Trakya popülasyonunun %95 oranında monodom yuva oluşturma eğiliminde olduğu kayıt altına alınmıştır. Karıncaların morfolojik özellikleri (NHLI, NBH, LBH ve HW) ile yuva rakım verileri, yuvaların su kaynağına ve orman alanlarına uzaklıkları arasındaki ilişki Spearman sıra korelasyon analizi ile test edilerek NBH verilerine ait ortalamalar ile yuva rakımları arasında %95 güven aralığında zayıf dereceli ters yönlü korelasyon ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir (r: -0,300; p<0,05). Yuva oranının %88 olduğu Kırklareli ilinde iki yıl süresinde 36 tür koruma ve bilinçlendirme eğitimi gerçekleştirilerek 1201 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır ve yapılan ölçme anketine göre %92 oranında farkındalık oluşturulduğu ölçülmüştür. Avrupa Kırmızı Orman Karıncasının (Formica pratensis) yuvalarının yok olma nedenleri irdelendiğinde %75 oranında insan kaynaklı sebeplere dayandığı tespit edilmiştir. Türün Trakya dağılımı için güncel yaşam alanı (AOO) ve yayılış alanı (EOO) ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiş, buna göre türün bölgedeki yaşam alanı 50.176 m 2 ve yayılış alanı ise 3.682 km 2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm yuvalar siyasi haritalar üzerinde gösterilmiş ayrıca aktif olan yuvaların sürdürülebilir şekilde korunabilmesi amacıyla tampon bölgeleme ile koruma alanlarının önerildiği uygulanabilir haritalar oluşturulmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar ile türün yuva alanlarındaki yoğun insan baskısı sebebiyle yuvaların uzun yıllar stabil kalamadığı, düşük hemerobi derecesindeki alanda ise sınırlı olan yuvaların doğal avcılarınca tahrip edilmesi sonucu türün ekosistemde tutunmakta zorlandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Etkin ve sürdürülebilir bir koruma için yerel halk ile iletişimin koparılmadan türün tanınırlığının artırılması ile AOO/EOO oranının artırılması hedefi doğrultusunda optimal popülasyona ulaşılana kadar planlı koruma çalışmalarına devam edilmesi gerekmektedir.
In this study, the population of the European Red Forest Ant (Formica pratensis) in the Thrace region, which is the only distribution area in Turkey, was determined for two years and the nests were recorded. While 60 new nests were identified in Kırklareli and Edirne provinces through field studies carried out for two years, 22 active nests recorded in the literature were included in this study and a total of 82 nests were studied. There are currently 72 active nests, as 10 nests were found to be destroyed during the working process. A nest card was created for each nest with the measurements made in the nests monitored for two years and the observation data. With the analyzes made, the nests; the optimum distribution is between 300-600 m and 0-200 m close to water, it is mainly built in fields or forest clearings that are agricultural areas, B-shaped nest is the most frequently observed nest morphology, nests are predominantly located in the south. It has been recorded that it was established in intermediate and main directions, colony individuals visited oak and blackberry species intensively, and the Thrace population tended to form monodom nests at a rate of 95%. The relationship between the morphological characteristics of the ants (NHLI, NBH, LBH and HW) and the nest altitude data, the distance of the nests to the water source and the forest areas was tested with Spearman rank correlation analysis, and weak graded reverse correlation between the averages of the NPH data and the nest altitudes at 95% confidence interval. relationship was determined (r: -0.300; p<0.05). In Kırklareli, which has 88% of nurseries, 36 types of conservation and awareness training were carried out in two years, reaching 1201 students, and it was measured that 92% awareness was created according to the survey. When the reasons for the extinction of the nests of the European Red Forest Ant (Formica pratensis) were examined, it was determined that 75% were based on humaninduced causes. Area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurence (EOO) measurements were carried out for the Thrace distribution of the species, and according to this, the area of occupancy of the species in the region was calculated as 50,176 m2 and its extent of occurence as 3,682 km2. All nests are shown on political maps and in order to protect active nests in a sustainable manner, applicable maps have been created where buffer zoning and protection areas are suggested. With the studies carried out, it is understood that the nests cannot remain stable for many years due to the intense human pressure in the nesting areas of the species, and that the limited nests in the area with low hemerobicity are destroyed by natural hunters, and the species has difficulty in keeping in the ecosystem. For an effective and sustainable conservation, planned conservation studies should be continued until the optimal population is reached, in line with the goal of increasing the recognition of the species and increasing the AOO/EOO ratio without breaking the communication with the local people.
In this study, the population of the European Red Forest Ant (Formica pratensis) in the Thrace region, which is the only distribution area in Turkey, was determined for two years and the nests were recorded. While 60 new nests were identified in Kırklareli and Edirne provinces through field studies carried out for two years, 22 active nests recorded in the literature were included in this study and a total of 82 nests were studied. There are currently 72 active nests, as 10 nests were found to be destroyed during the working process. A nest card was created for each nest with the measurements made in the nests monitored for two years and the observation data. With the analyzes made, the nests; the optimum distribution is between 300-600 m and 0-200 m close to water, it is mainly built in fields or forest clearings that are agricultural areas, B-shaped nest is the most frequently observed nest morphology, nests are predominantly located in the south. It has been recorded that it was established in intermediate and main directions, colony individuals visited oak and blackberry species intensively, and the Thrace population tended to form monodom nests at a rate of 95%. The relationship between the morphological characteristics of the ants (NHLI, NBH, LBH and HW) and the nest altitude data, the distance of the nests to the water source and the forest areas was tested with Spearman rank correlation analysis, and weak graded reverse correlation between the averages of the NPH data and the nest altitudes at 95% confidence interval. relationship was determined (r: -0.300; p<0.05). In Kırklareli, which has 88% of nurseries, 36 types of conservation and awareness training were carried out in two years, reaching 1201 students, and it was measured that 92% awareness was created according to the survey. When the reasons for the extinction of the nests of the European Red Forest Ant (Formica pratensis) were examined, it was determined that 75% were based on humaninduced causes. Area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurence (EOO) measurements were carried out for the Thrace distribution of the species, and according to this, the area of occupancy of the species in the region was calculated as 50,176 m2 and its extent of occurence as 3,682 km2. All nests are shown on political maps and in order to protect active nests in a sustainable manner, applicable maps have been created where buffer zoning and protection areas are suggested. With the studies carried out, it is understood that the nests cannot remain stable for many years due to the intense human pressure in the nesting areas of the species, and that the limited nests in the area with low hemerobicity are destroyed by natural hunters, and the species has difficulty in keeping in the ecosystem. For an effective and sustainable conservation, planned conservation studies should be continued until the optimal population is reached, in line with the goal of increasing the recognition of the species and increasing the AOO/EOO ratio without breaking the communication with the local people.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Formica pratensis, Orman entomolojisi ve koruma, Koruma biyolojisi, Kırmızı liste, Biyolojik mücadele, Ekoloji, CBS uygulamaları, Haritalandırma, Tampon bölgeler, Formica pratensis, Forest entomology and protection, Conservation biology, Red list, Biological control, Ecology, GIS application, Digital mapping, Buffer zones
