Antivirals and the Potential Benefits of Orally Inhaled Drug Administration in COVID-19 Treatment

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dc.authoridSAHIN, Gokben/0000-0003-2232-3030
dc.authoridAkbal-Dagistan, Ozlem/0000-0002-6524-3535
dc.authoridErturk, Aybige/0000-0002-5179-5865
dc.authoridBasarir, Nur/0000-0002-0695-5292
dc.authoridYILDIZ PEKOZ, Ayca/0000-0003-2243-6684
dc.authoridCulha, Meltem/0000-0001-7948-4340
dc.authorwosidSAHIN, Gokben/HZL-3046-2023
dc.authorwosidAkbal-Dagistan, Ozlem/Q-1443-2019
dc.contributor.authorSahin, Gokben
dc.contributor.authorAkbal-Dagistan, Ozlem
dc.contributor.authorCulha, Meltem
dc.contributor.authorErturk, Aybige
dc.contributor.authorBasarir, Nur Sena
dc.contributor.authorSancar, Serap
dc.contributor.authorYildiz-Pekoz, Ayca
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-12T11:03:52Z
dc.date.available2024-06-12T11:03:52Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentTrakya Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been on the agenda of humanity for more than 2 years. In the meantime, the pandemic has caused economic shutdowns, halt of daily lives and global mobility, overcrowding of the healthcare systems, panic, and worse, more than 6 million deaths. Today, there is still no specific therapy for COVID-19. Research focuses on repurposing of antiviral drugs that are licensed or currently in the research phase, with a known systemic safety profile. However, local safety profile should also be evaluated depending on the new indication, administration route and dosage form. Additionally, various vaccines have been developed. But the causative virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), has undergone multiple variations, too. The premise that vaccines may suffice to eradicate new and all variants is unreliable, as they are based on earlier versions of the virus. Therefore, a specific medication therapy for COVID-19 is crucial and needed in order to prevent severe complications of the disease. Even though there is no specific drug that inhibits the replication of the disease-causing virus, among the current treatment options, systemic antivirals are the most medically appropriate. As SARS-CoV-2 directly targets the lungs and initiates lung damage, treating COVID-19 with inhalants can offer many advantages over the enteral/parenteral administration. Inhaled drug delivery provides higher drug concentration, specifically in the pulmonary system. This enables the reduction of systemic side effects and produces a rapid clinical response. In this article, the most frequently (systemically) used antiviral compounds are reviewed including Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Molnupiravir, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Umifenovir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and Heparin. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to provide insight into the potential inhaled use of these antiviral drugs and the current studies on inhalation therapy for COVID-19 was presented. A brief evaluation was also made on the use of inhaler devices in the treatment of COVID-19. Inhaled antivirals paired with suitable inhaler devices should be considered for COVID-19 treatment options. (c) 2022 American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.xphs.2022.06.004
dc.identifier.endpage2661en_US
dc.identifier.issn0022-3549
dc.identifier.issn1520-6017
dc.identifier.issue10en_US
dc.identifier.pmid35691607en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85133340283en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage2652en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2022.06.004
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/21807
dc.identifier.volume111en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000965384200002en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal Of Pharmaceutical Sciencesen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectInhalationen_US
dc.subjectLung Drug Deliveryen_US
dc.subjectPulmonary Drug Deliveryen_US
dc.subjectAerosol(S)en_US
dc.subjectAntiinfective(S)en_US
dc.subjectCoronavirus Disease 2019en_US
dc.subjectSoft Mist(Tm) Inhaleren_US
dc.subjectAcute Lung Injuryen_US
dc.subjectNebulized Heparinen_US
dc.subjectInhalation Injuryen_US
dc.subjectMesh Nebulizersen_US
dc.subjectChloroquineen_US
dc.subjectVirusen_US
dc.subjectHydroxychloroquineen_US
dc.subjectDeliveryen_US
dc.titleAntivirals and the Potential Benefits of Orally Inhaled Drug Administration in COVID-19 Treatmenten_US
dc.typeReview Articleen_US

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