Balkanlardan göçen toplulukların yemek kültürlerindeki farklılıkları: Edirne ili Keşan ilçesi köyleri örneği
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Tarih
2021
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkiye Trakyası’nın en batı ucunda yer alan Edirne ili XIX. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nin çöküş dönemine girmiş bulunması nedeniyle Balkanlarda yaşanan savaşlar ve göçlerden en fazla etkilenen şehirlerden birisi olmuştur. Edirne’ye göç Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarından sonra da devam etmiş ve burası Balkanlardan en çok göç alan şehir olmuştur. 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı’yla Balkanlardan Edirne’ye başlayan göçler 1989 yılındaki Bulgaristan göçlerine kadar devam etmiştir. Bu göçler, sebep-sonuç ilişkisi içerisinde disiplinler arası pek çok araştırmaya konu olmuştur. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda Edirne’nin Keşan ilçesinin yemek kültürü üzerine daha önce bir çalışma yapılmadığı tespt edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Balkanlardan Edirne’nin Keşan ilçesine göç etmiş olan halkın, göç etmeden önceki yemek alışkanlıklarını sürdürüp sürdürmediklerini tespit etmektir. Göçmenlere ait geleneksel yemek hazırlama, sunma ritüelleri kaynak kişilerden temin edilmiş ve yazılı olarak kayıt altına alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda kayıtlar vasıtasıyla bu hazırlıklar ile reçetelerin yöresel ve ulusal alanda yayılması, bilinirliğinin arttırılması, sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarının geri kazanılması ve kültürel arşiv oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda katılımcıların şu anda kullandıkları kaynakların eski kaynaklarla aynı standartları taşımadığı, yöresel uygulamaların yerini yeni uygulama ve yöntemlerin aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Seçili yaş grupları içerisinde 80 ve üzeri yaş grubunun fizikî nedenlerle bu konuda yetersiz olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte 65 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin yemeklerin adlarını hatırladığı ve uygulayabildiği; 40-60 yaş aralığında bulunan katılımcıların söz konusu tarifleri atalarından dinlediği, hatırladığı, uygulayabildiği ve aktarabildiği görülmüştür. 24 ile 40 yaş grubu katılımcılarda ise yemeklerin hatırlanabildiği fakat uygulama zorluklarının başladığı, değişen ekonomik ve teknik koşullar nedeniyle uyarlamaların farklı şekillerde devam ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Genç yaş grubu olan 15-24 yaş grubu katılımcıların ise Keşan bölgesi köyleri taramasında göç ve göç yemeklerine dair bir hikâyeyi hatırlamadığı ve uygulamada yetersiz kaldıkları gözlemlenmiştir.
Edirne, located in the west of Turkish Thrace, was one of the cities most affected by the wars and migrations in the Balkans due to the fact that the Ottoman Empire entered a period of collapse in the nineteenth century. Migrations to Edirne continued after the first years of the Republic, and it became the city that received the most immigration from the Balkans The immigration from the Balkans to Edirne, which started with the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War, continued until the Bulgarian migration in 1989. Although these migrations have been the subject of many interdisciplinary studies in a cause-effect relationship, no study has been conducted on the food culture of Edirne's Keşan district. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the people who migrated from the Balkans maintain their eating habits before their migration. The traditional rituals of preparing and presenting food belonging to immigrants were identified from sources and recorded in written form. It is aimed to increase the dissemination and awareness of these preparations and prescriptions locally and nationally through records, as well as to restore our healthy eating habits and create a cultural archive. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using qualitative research method in the study. As a result of the investigations, it was determined that the sources used by the participants do not have the same standards as the old sources, and that local practices have been replaced by new practices and methods. Among the selected age groups, it was found that the age group of 80 and above is insufficient in this regard due to their physical characteristics. It has been determined that individuals aged 65 and over can remember and apply the names of the dishes, and the participants in the 24-64 age group between the ages of 40-60 listened to, remembered, applied and transmitted the said recipes from their ancestors. In the 24 to 40 age group, it was determined iv that meals could be remembered, implementation difficulties began, and adaptations continued in different types due to changing economic and technical conditions. It was observed that the young age group 15-24 age group participants did not remember anything about migration and migration meals, they did not remember the names of meals and their practical knowledge was insufficient in terms of the survey of the villages of the Keşan region.
Edirne, located in the west of Turkish Thrace, was one of the cities most affected by the wars and migrations in the Balkans due to the fact that the Ottoman Empire entered a period of collapse in the nineteenth century. Migrations to Edirne continued after the first years of the Republic, and it became the city that received the most immigration from the Balkans The immigration from the Balkans to Edirne, which started with the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War, continued until the Bulgarian migration in 1989. Although these migrations have been the subject of many interdisciplinary studies in a cause-effect relationship, no study has been conducted on the food culture of Edirne's Keşan district. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the people who migrated from the Balkans maintain their eating habits before their migration. The traditional rituals of preparing and presenting food belonging to immigrants were identified from sources and recorded in written form. It is aimed to increase the dissemination and awareness of these preparations and prescriptions locally and nationally through records, as well as to restore our healthy eating habits and create a cultural archive. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using qualitative research method in the study. As a result of the investigations, it was determined that the sources used by the participants do not have the same standards as the old sources, and that local practices have been replaced by new practices and methods. Among the selected age groups, it was found that the age group of 80 and above is insufficient in this regard due to their physical characteristics. It has been determined that individuals aged 65 and over can remember and apply the names of the dishes, and the participants in the 24-64 age group between the ages of 40-60 listened to, remembered, applied and transmitted the said recipes from their ancestors. In the 24 to 40 age group, it was determined iv that meals could be remembered, implementation difficulties began, and adaptations continued in different types due to changing economic and technical conditions. It was observed that the young age group 15-24 age group participants did not remember anything about migration and migration meals, they did not remember the names of meals and their practical knowledge was insufficient in terms of the survey of the villages of the Keşan region.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Keşan, Gastronomi, Balkan, Mutfak Kültürü, Göç, Gastronomy, Culinary Culture, Migration
