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Öğe Effects of Estrogen on Coronary Artery Calcification and the Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Diseases in Postmenopausal Women(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2021) Güvenç, Alican; Yılmaz, Ceren; Balta, Buse; Yıldız, Zeynep; Vardar, Selma ArzuEstrogen deficiency is known to be one of the causes of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Coronary artery calcification is one of the major factors of cardiovascular disease. The studies related to the effects of estrogen on coronary artery calcification and the possible relation between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease rapidly increased in recent years. Estrogen levels decrease in postmenopausal women and can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Estrogen could affect cardiovascular diseases by mediating the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand-osteoprotegerin system in vascular smooth muscle cells and autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Current evidence indicates that estrogen has an increasing effect on bone mineral density by multiple biochemical pathways: increasing calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal system, decreasing excretion of calcium in the kidneys, reducing bone resorption, such as enchanting osteoblasts, suppressing osteoclasts by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts by essentially inhibiting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand-osteoprotegerin system. Recent studies showed a significant relationship between coronary artery calcification and osteoporosis due to estrogen’s role in these pathogeneses, which can be prevented by using estrogen hormone therapy for post- menopausal women. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms of estrogen in the development of coronary artery calcification and osteoporosis and the effects of estrogen hormone therapy on cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.Öğe Resistance Rates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Isolates Obtained From Clinical Samples to Major Antituberculous Drugs: a Study in Edirne, Turkey(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2018) Öner, Ozan; Özdemir, İnan Erdem; Elmacı, Kubilay; Eryıldız, CananAims: The aim of this study is to reveal the rates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex resistance to major antituberculous drugs (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol) by the evaluation of the specimens that are sent to Trakya University Hospital Microbiology Laboratory. Methods:In this study, laboratory data of the cases that were pre-diagnosed with tuberculosis between 11/02/2016 and 31/12/2017 were scanned retrospectively. To compare the annual data descriptive statistics as arithmetic mean, numbers and percentages were used. Results: Out of 4752 samples, 133 (2.79%) were culture positive. 120 isolates were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, while other 13 were defined as Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis. Antimycobacterial susceptibility tests showed that 9 (7.5%) isolates were resistant to streptomycin, 10 (8.33%) isolates to isoniazid, 4 (3.33%) isolates to rifampicin, 4 (3.33) isolates to ethambutol. 5 (4.16%) isolates were multidrug resistant. Conclusion: Antituberculous drug resistance is still a threat for an effective treatment of tuberculosis and streptomycin resistance has increased. However, it is also pointed out that presence of Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis in isolates has increasedÖğe The Relationship Between Chronotypes and Physical Activity in Healthy Young Medical Students(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2018) Acet, Oğuzhan; Girit, Çağrı; Kaya, Şennur; Süt, Necdet; Vardar, Selma ArzuAims: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between circadian rhythm and physical activity in students of Trakya University School of Medicine ranging from 1st to 5th grade. Methods: Horne amp; Östberg’s Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire and International Physiological Activity Scale were used to compare physical activity and chronotype features of 1st to 5th grade students of Trakya University School of Medicine. Pearson Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the results of the study. Results: This study included 351 medical students, of whom 143 were male and 208 were female. The mean age of the study population was 20.79 ± 1.9. There were 32 (9.1%) morning-type, 234 (66.5%) intermediate-type and 85 (24.4%) evening-type volunteers. Out of all, 102 (29.0%) were inactive, 177 (50.3%) minimal active and 73 (20.7%) active. There was no significant relationship between physical activity and chronotype differences between the study groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed no relationship between physical activity and chronotype in healthy young medical students. Circadian preference may not be considered as an effective factor for daily physical activity.Öğe Investigation of Exercise Dependency Attitude in Cyclists(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2016) Bardakçı, Mert; Temen, Alparslan; Ek, İlker; Süt, Necdet; Vardar, Selma ArzuAims:The aim of this study is to determine the relation between exercise dependency, exercise dependency frequency and sportive habits correspondent to cycling.Methods: There were 165 voluntary participants between the ages of 18 and 62. They have filled out Exercise Dependency Scale-21 and by dint of the scale they have been categorized into 3 following groups: “Dependent”, “Non Dependent Symptomatic” and “Non Dependent Asymptomatic”. The participants’ medical conditions and traits of cycling were determined by an evaluation form and compared in between the groups. For the data acquired, Kruskal Wallis test was used for the comparison in between the groups; Mann-Whitney-U test was used to compare the data of two groups. This study was approved by the local ethics board. Results: When the data analyzed with Exercise Dependency Scale-21, it was determined that there were 9 (5.5%) people who were “dependent”, 107 (67.8%) people who were “non dependent symptomatic” and 49 (29.7%) people who were “non dependent asymptomatic”. The weekly cycling time in the last year was found more in the dependent (19.6±15.5) group and the symptomatic (11.6±11.1) group than the asymptomatic (7.8±7.4) group (respectively p=0.017 and p=0.015). Weekly cycling frequency was found more both in the dependent (6.8±3.6) group and the symptomatic (5.9±12.5) group than the asymptomatic (3.5±3.3) group (respectively p=0.005 ve p=0.044). Furthermore the last year’s weekly cycling frequency of dependent group was higher than the symptomatic group (p=0.0016). In this study, there is no significant difference depending on the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes.Conclusion:In this study, exercise dependency of the cyclists is determined to be 5.5%. According to the Exercise Dependency Scale-21, the weekly exercise duration and frequency of the dependent group were higher than the symptomatic and the asymptomatic groups. Therefore, consumption of alcohol and cigarettes by the groups were similar, thus exercise dependency is not coherent with the consumption of alcohol and cigarettesÖğe The Effects of Vegetarian Diet on the Cardiovascular System(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2021) Cengiz, Nazlıcan; Özçelik, Tülay Ece; Yılmaz, Beyza; Bayar, Nisanur; Vardar, Selma ArzuVegetarianism is the refusal to eat meat and its products for various reasons. Furthermore, veganism is against eating and using all products derived from an- imals. Numerous studies have stated that plant-based nutrition reduces the risk of cardiovascular system diseases, but also cannot supply the requirement of some vitamins and minerals. Although a vegetarian diet may decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases, the findings of the studies related to the low intake of protein, vitamins, or minerals should be taken into account in terms of harmful effects. In this review, the studies have been reviewed about the effects of plant-based nutrition on the human cardiovascular system.Öğe Taurin, melatonin ve N-asetilsisteinin kadmiyuma bağlı akciğer hasarındaki antioksidan etkileri(2007) Aydoğdu, Nurettin; Erbaş, Hakan; Kaymak, KadirAmaç: Antioksidan özelliği bilinen taurin, melatonin ve N-asetilsisteinin (NAC) kadmiyum klorüre (CdCl2) bağlı olarak gelişen akciğer hasarını önlemedeki ve oluşmuş hasarı tedavi etmedeki etkinlikleri karşılaştırıldı. Çalışma Planı: Çalışmamızda 90 adet erkek Sprague-Dawley cinsi sıçan dokuz gruba ayrıldı. Üç ay süreyle grup 1'e içme suyu, grup 2'ye 200 ppm CdCl2, grup 3'e 200 ppm CdCl2 ve %1 taurin, grup 4'e 200 ppm CdCl2 ve %0.02 melatonin, grup 5'e 200 ppm CdCl2 ve %0.5 NAC içme sularına katıldı. Grup 6, 7, 8 ve 9'un içme sularına üç ay süreyle 200 ppm CdCl2 katıldıktan sonra; yedi gün süreyle 6. gruba içme suyu, 7. gruba %4 taurin, 8. gruba %0.08 melatonin ve 9. gruba %2 NAC içme sularına katılarak verildi. Bulgular: Koruyucu amaçla verilen melatonin ve NAC'nin azalmış glutatyon düzeyini artırdığı, hem koruyucu hem de tedavi amaçlı verilen üç ajanın da artmış olan lipit peroksidasyonun son ürünlerinden biri olan malondialdehit düzeylerini azalttığı görüldü. Sonuç: Taurin, melatonin ve NAC CdCl2'e bağlı olarak gelişen akciğer hasarına karşı hem koruyucu hem de tedavi edici rol oynamaktadır.Öğe Tam ve kısmi uyku yoksunluğunda vücut sıcaklığı ve uykululuk düzeyi arasındaki ilişki(2006) Öztürk, Levent; Vardar, Selma Arzu; Bulut, Erdoğan; Kurt, Cem; Yaprak, MevlütAmaç: Uykuya bağlı vücut sıcaklığı değişiklikleri ve çevresel sıcaklığın uyku üzerine etkileri, uyku ve vücut sıcaklığı düzenlenme mekanizmalarının iç içe olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışmada tam ve kısmi uykusuzluk koşullarında vücut sıcaklığı değişimleri ile uykululuk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Çalışma Planı: Etik onayÖğe The Effects of Baicalin on Myoglobinuric Acute Renal Failure in Rats(2018) Yavuz, Özlem Yalçınkaya; Aydoğdu, Nurettin; Taştekin, Ebru; Süt, NecdetBackground: Myoglobinuric acute kidney injury is a uremic syndrome that develops due to damage of skeletal muscle. Free radicals and nitric oxide play an important role in the pathogenesis of myoglobinuric acute kidney injury. Baicalin has multiple bioactivities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and is a potent free radical scavenger. Aims: To investigate the nephroprotective mechanism of baicalin on myoglobinuric acute kidney injury. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: In our study, male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. Control (n=8), Baicalin (n=8), myoglobinuric acute kidney injury (n=10) and myoglobinuric acute kidney injury + baicalin (n=10). The rats were deprived of water for 24 hours before receiving intramuscular injection. The control and baicalin groups were injected intramuscularly with saline (8 ml/kg), and the myoglobinuric acute kidney injury and myoglobinuric acute kidney injury + baicalin groups were given 50% glycerol 8 ml/kg. One hour later, the control and myoglobinuric acute kidney injury groups received saline intraperitoneally, and the baicalin and myoglobinuric acute kidney injury + baicalin groups were given 200 mg/kg baicalin. Twenty-four hours after the glycerol injection, urine and blood samples were taken, and the kidneys of the rats were harvested under intraperitoneally injections of anaesthesia. Results: We found that the levels of creatinine, urea, nitric oxide, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase in serum samples, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase concentrations in renal tissue were increased in the myoglobinuric acute kidney injury group compared with the control group (p<0.05). The nitric oxide and glutathione levels in the kidney were significantly decreased in the myoglobinuric acute kidney injury + baicalin group compared with the myoglobinuric acute kidney injury group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between any other parameters. Conclusion: Our results did not show any protective effect of baicalin on myoglobinuric acute kidney injury, possibly because the different effective factors in the pathogenesis of experimental myoglobinuric acute kidney injury used in this experiment deviate from other experimental models. Moreover, detailed studies are needed to clarify the effects of baicalin in different doses and treatment durations in glycerol-induced acute kidney injury modelÖğe The way of “Adipocentric thinking” in the pathophysiology of disease(2012) Öztürk, LeventThe worldwide epidemics of obesity and related disorders such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea as well as obesity related cancer have focused attention on adipobiology. Human body comprises two types of adipose tissue namely brown and white adipose tissue (WAT). Brown adipose tissue is specialized for heat production by non-shivering thermogenesis whereas white adipose tissue serves as the main energy reservoir. However, understanding of the physiology of WAT changed over the past decade by definition of its secretory products which are collectively termed adipokines. As Trayhurn stated in detail “they are highly diverse in terms of physiological function including classical cytokines [e.g. tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL-6)], growth factors [e.g. transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)], satiety hormon (leptin) and proteins of the alternative complement pathway (adipsin); they also include proteins involved in the regulation of blood pressure (angiotensinogen), vascular hemostasis [e.g. plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1 (PAI-1)], lipid metabolism (e.g. retinol binding protein, cholesteryl ester transfer protein), glucose homeostasis (e.g. adiponectin) and angiogenesis (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor)”1. Endocrine effects of adipocyte-secreted substances has been suggested to be the pathophysiologic link between health and disease in many disorders. Most of these adipocyte-derived secretory products were extensively studied in the pathophysiology of various diseases2-6. Evidence suggest that adipokines may also contribute to pathophysiology of several diseases as paracrine mediators besides endocrine action. The pathophysiologic link between adipocyte penumbra and the disease includes mesenteric fat and Crohn's disease, mammary gland-associated adipose tissue and breast cancer, periadventitial fat (tunica adiposa) and atherosclerosis, periprostatic adipose tissue and prostate cancer, and infrapatellar fat pad and osteoarthritis. Obese state is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, the site of inflammation induced by adipokines may be local or systemic (i.e. paracrine or endocrine). In this issue Chaldakov et al.,7 discussed paracrine importance of adipose tissue and brought about cultivation of an “adipocentric thinking” which places adipose tissue-generated inflammation at the very heart of pathophysiologic basis of disease. They state that maintaining the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines requires yin-and-yang model of adipocyte secretion. Furthermore, they discuss adipoparacrinology of atherosclerosis, breast and prostate cancer. Again, an emerging field coming with emerging hope.
