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Öğe Accumulation of ?-Synuclein in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells of Diabetic Rats and Its Potential Relationship with Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers(Hindawi Ltd, 2017) Solmaz, Volkan; Ozlece, Hatice Kose; Eroglu, Huseyin Avni; Aktug, Huseyin; Erbas, Oytun; Taskiran, DilekObjective. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between plasma oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), inflammatory marker pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and cerebellar accumulation of alpha-synuclein in streptozotocin-(STZ-) induced diabetes model in rats. Methods. Twelve rats were included in the study. Diabetes (p = 6) was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Diabetes was verified after 48 h by measuring blood glucose levels. Six rats served as controls. Following 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results. Plasma MDA levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats when compared with the control rats (p < 0.01), while plasma GSH levels were lower in the diabetic group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Also, plasma pentraxin-3 levels were statistically higher in diabetic rats than in the control rats (p < 0.01). The analysis of cerebellar alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in alpha-synuclein immunoexpression in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Due to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the chronic period of hyperglycemia linked to diabetes, there may be alpha-synuclein accumulation in the cerebellum and the plasma PTX3 levels may be assessed as an important biomarker of this situation.Öğe A comparison of risk factors and prognosis between intra and extracranial acute atherosclerotic stroke in the Turkish population: a prospective study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Keheya, Sezgin; Tekatas, Aslan; Aynaci, Ozer; Utku, Ufuk; Solmaz, VolkanBackground: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in risk factors and prognosis between acute stroke caused by definitive intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) or extracranial atherosclerosis (ECAS) in the Turkish population. Methods: This study was prospectively designed in a single centre and conducted with patients who were hospitalised due to acute ischaemic stroke. Inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of atherosclerotic ischaemic stroke, defined as more than 50% stenosis or occlusion in the arterial structure supplying the ischaemic area, having excluded other possible causes. Results: Information on 58 ICAS and 57 ECAS stroke patients was collected in a 13-month period. The ECAS patients had male gender predominance (p = 0.003). Ageing, stroke history and hyperlipidaemia were related with stroke severity in ECAS, and gender was associated with severity in ICAS. Hypertension and being female were related with poor prognosis in ICAS (p = 0.081 vs. 0.087). Congestive heart failure (p = 0.002) was associated with poor prognosis and alcohol with a favourable outcome (p = 0.087) in ECAS. Stroke severity was related with poor prognosis in both groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of risk factors differs between ICAS and ECAS, and their influence differs for stroke severity and prognosis.Öğe Do you have restless leg syndrome? I understood from your eyes(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Ozlece, Hatice Kose; Solmaz, Volkan; Ozal, Sadik Altan; Celik, YahyaPurpose According to many studies in the literature, there is a strong association between restless leg syndrome and dopaminergic dysfunction. Dopamine is also the major catecholamine in the retina and is also a possible transmitter of the amacrine and interplexiform cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible association between RLS and retinal thickness. Methods In this study, we included 33 patients who were diagnosed with idiopathic RLS according to the International RLS Study Group criteria and 31 healthy subjects. All the patients and controls underwent routine ophthalmologic examination and had spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) performed. We compared the retinal thickness of the patients and control subjects. Results In the RLS group, foveal thickness was thinner then controls. Also, only inferior, superior, and temporal quadrant retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were significantly thinner in the RLS group. The parafoveal ganglion cell complex (GCC) in the superior temporal, inferior temporal, inferior nasal quadrant, and perifoveal superior nasal thickness was also significantly thinner in the patient group. Pearson correlation analyses showed that there were statistically significant negative correlations between disease duration and macular GCC and RNFL thickness. Negative correlations were also detected between parafoveal superior, temporal, inferior and nasal macular thickness, parafoveal superior nasal, inferior temporal GCC thickness, and perifoveal superior nasal GCC thickness and disease duration. Conclusion According to our results; most retinal layers are thinner in RLS patients, so it can be considered that OCT has a predictive value for progression of RLS.Öğe Evaluation of long-term effects of artificial sweeteners on rat brain: a biochemical, behavioral, and histological study(Wiley, 2018) Erbas, Oytun; Erdogan, Mumin Alper; Khalilnezhad, Asghar; Solmaz, Volkan; Gurkan, Fulya Tuzcu; Yigitturk, Gurkan; Eroglu, Huseyin AvniThe aim of the present study was to compare the effects of artificial sweeteners (aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose) on rat brain. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study. The control group (n = 6) received regular tap water, whereas other groups received aspartame (3mg/kg/day, n = 6,) or saccharin (3mg/kg/day, n = 6) or sucralose (1.5mg/kg/day, n = 6) in the drinkingwater. Following 6weeks, the passive avoidance learning (PAL) test was performed to evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of sweeteners. The brains were assessed for lipid peroxides, neuron count, and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated that chronic intake of sweeteners significantly impaired PAL performance in all groups. Hippocampal CA1-CA3 areas revealed significantly lower neuronal count in aspartame and increased GFAP expression in all groups. Brain lipid peroxides were significantly higher in all groups. Our findings suggest that long-term consumption of artificial sweeteners may have harmful effects on cognition and hippocampal integrity in rats.Öğe Evaluation of Overactive Bladder in Male Antidepressant Users: A Prospective Study(Korean Continence Soc, 2017) Solmaz, Volkan; Albayrak, Sebahattin; Tekatas, Arslan; Aksoy, Durdane; Gencten, Yusuf; Inanir, Sema; Erdemir, FikretPurpose: In this study, we investigated overactive bladder (OAB) functions in male patients who used antidepressant drugs (ADs) that were previously examined in female patients, based on conflicting data in literature regarding the effects of AD on OAB and the differences between male and female urinary system physiologies (anatomical and hormonal). Methods: The study included 202 male patients (a control group of 90 healthy subjects, and an experimental group of 112 patients taking ADs for different disorders). All the patients completed the overactive bladder-validated 8 (OAB-V8) questionnaire, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDS). Results: The OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF, and BDS scores for the antidepressant users were significantly higher than those of the control group. The highest prevalence of OAB symptoms was observed in patients taking venlafaxine (68.2%), and the lowest prevalence was in patients taking sertraline (28.0%). Moreover, the frequency of OAB between the antidepressant groups was statistically significant. The univariate logistic regression analyses showed a significant relationship between the presence of OAB, antidepressant usage, BDS score, and the age of a patient. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, the association between the presence of OAB and antidepressant usage was statistically significant. Conclusions: The present study showed that the incidence of OAB and the severity of OAB symptoms increased in males using antidepressants for various disorders. This may have been due to unique pharmacological effects, on a molecular or individual level, of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.Öğe Evaluation of the association between sexual dysfunction and demyelinating plaque location and number in female multiple sclerosis patients(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Solmaz, Volkan; Ozlece, Hatice Kose; Him, Aydin; Gunes, Ayfer; Cordano, Christian; Aksoy, Durdane; Celik, YahyaPurpose: To investigate the frequency of sexual dysfunction (SD) in female multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to explore its association with the location and number of demyelinating lesions. Material and Methods: We evaluated 42 female patients and 41 healthy subjects. All patients underwent neurological examination and 1.5 T brain and full spinal MRI. All subjects completed the female sexual function index (FSFI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Short-Form 36 Quality of Life Scale (SF-36). All participants were also evaluated for serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T4, estradiol, and total testosterone. Results: No statistically significant differences between the MS and control groups were found for age, body mass index (BMI), serum TSH, T4, E2, and total testosterone level. MS patients had a statistically significantly lower FSFI and SF-36 scores and higher BDI and BAI scores compared with healthy subjects. The location and number of demyelinating lesions were not associated with SD. Conclusion: In our cohort, this difference in SD appears unrelated to the location and number of demyelinating lesions. These findings highlight the importance of the assessment and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety, in MS patients reporting SD.Öğe Highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduces seizure activity in pentylenetetrazol-induced murine model of epilepsy(Biomed Central Ltd, 2018) Erdogan, Mumin Alper; Yusuf, Dimas; Christy, Joanna; Solmaz, Volkan; Erdogan, Arife; Taskiran, Emin; Erbas, OytunBackground: Worldwide, over 10 million individuals suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy. New therapeutic strategies are needed to address this debilitating disease. Inhibition of sodium-glucose linked transporters (SGLTs), which are variably expressed in the brain, has been demonstrated to reduce seizure activity in murine models of epilepsy. Here we investigated the effects of dapagliflozin, a highly competitive SGLT2 inhibitor currently used as a drug for diabetes mellitus, on seizure activity in rats with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced seizures. Methods: Laboratory rats (n = 48) were evenly randomized into two experiments, each with four study arms: (1) a vehicle-treated (placebo) arm infused with saline; (2) a control arm infused with PTZ; (3) a treatment arm with PTZ and dapagliflozin at 75 mg/kg, and (4) another treatment arm with PTZ and dapagliflozin at 150 mg/kg. Study subjects were assessed for seizures either via EEG as measured by spike wave percentage (SWP), or clinically via Racine's scales scores (RSS) and time to first myoclonic jerk (TFMJ). Results: Rats treated with dapagliflozin had lower mean SWP on EEG (20.4% versus 75.3% for untreated rats). Behaviorally, treatment with dapagliflozin improved means RSS (2.33 versus 5.5) and mean TFMJ (68.3 versus 196. 7 s). All of these findings were statistically significant with p-values of < 0.0001. There was a trend towards even better seizure control with the higher dose of dapagliflozin at 150 mg/kg, however this was not consistently statistically significant. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin decreased seizure activity in rats with PTZ-induced seizures. This may be explained by the anti-seizure effects of decreased glucose availability and a reduction in sodium transport across neuronal membranes which can confer a stabilizing effect against excitability and unwanted depolarization. The potential clinical role of dapagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors as anti-seizure medications should be further explored.Öğe Inhibitor effect of paricalcitol in rat model of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures(Springer, 2016) Uyanikgil, Yigit; Solmaz, Volkan; Cavusoglu, Tuerker; Cinar, Bilge Piri; Cetin, Emel Oeykue; Sur, Halil YAñlmaz; Erbas, OytunVitamin D has various systemic effects on bone metabolism, modulation of the immune system, stabilization of the cell membrane, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and various other hormones. Differing from active vitamin D, paricalcitol is a relatively safe VDR agonist due to its relatively few side effects. This study has investigated the anticonvulsant effect of paricalcitol in convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups: 18 for EEG recording (PTZ 35 mg/kg) and 18 for behavioral studies (PTZ 70 mg/kg). Forty-five minutes before the PTZ injection, both groups of rats were given 5 and 10 mu g/kg of paricalcitol i.p., respectively. Racine convulsion scores, first myoclonic jerk time, spike percentages, and antioxidant status were evaluated in the groups. Our results showed that the Racine's Convulsion Scale (RCS) score significantly dropped in the paricalcitol-treated group, analysis of the first myoclonic jerk (FMJ) latencies demonstrated a significantly longer latency in the paricalcitol-applied group, and spike percentages at EEG recordings significantly decreased with paricalcitol. Moreover, MDA levels were lower and SOD activity were higher in the 5 mu g/kg paricalcitol group compared to the saline group; these results were more prominent in 10 mu g/kg paricalcitol group. Our study has demonstrated that paricalcitol has protective effects on PTZ-induced convulsions. Based on the SOD and MDA levels in our study, these effects may result from the antioxidant characteristics of paricalcitol.Öğe Investigation of Nerve Conduction Studies of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Cases With Different Risk Factors: An Electrodiagnostic Study(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2017) Solmaz, Volkan; Yavuz, Selcuk; Inanir, Ahmet; Aksoy, Durdane; Pektas, Elmas; Tekatas, Aslan; Kurt, Semiha G.Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine whether there are electrodiagnostic differences between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients with diabetes mellitus, CTS + hypothyroidism (HT), CTS + fibromyalgia syndrome, CTS + rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and idiopathic CTS cases, by comparing nerve conduction studies.Methods:This research examined electrophysiologic studies of 47 untreated HT + CTS, 47 diabetes mellitus + CTS, 49 RA + CTS, 52 fibromyalgia syndrome + CTS, 50 idiopathic CTS cases, and a healthy control group of 50 individuals (a total of 293 patients and 433 hands with CTS).Results:There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of sex and age. There was no significant difference between the CTS groupsin terms of numberswith mild, moderate, and severe CTS. When the CTS groups were compared with the control group, in all CTS groups on both left and right hands, there was a significant prolongation in median motor latency and median sensory latency (in the 3rd finger); also a significant decrease in median sensory velocity in the 3rd finger. In diabetes mellitus, HT, and RA groups, the median motor amplitudes in both hands were significantly decreased compared with the idiopathic group. There was a moderate significant negative correlation between disease duration and median motor amplitudes (of both right and left sides) in RA (right; P = 0.028, r = 0.761, left; P = 0.041, r = 0.694) and HT groups (right; P = 0.035, r = 0.637, left; P = 0.049, r = 0.697).Conclusions:Electrodiagnostic results showed both demyelinating injury and axonal damage in diabetes mellitus, HT, and RA patients with CTS, in these patients during treatment for CTS. Early treatment planning should include the risk factor diseases.Öğe Neuroprotective Effects of Eexenatide in a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease(Elsevier Science Inc, 2017) Aksoy, Durdane; Solmaz, Volkan; Cavusoglu, Turker; Meral, Ayfer; Ates, Utku; Erbas, OytunBackround: Several studies suggest an association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus; these 2 diseases are both known to affect the common molecular pathways. As a synthetic agonist for the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, exenatide has been evaluated as a neuroprotective agent in multiple animal models. Rotenone models of PD have great potential for the investigation of PD pathology and motor and nonmotor symptoms, as well as the role of gene environment interactions in PD causation and pathogenesis. Therefore, in this study, the neurochemical, behavioral and histologic effects of exenatide on a rotenone-induced rat model of PD were examined. Materials and Methods: Eighteen adult male rats were randomly divided into the following 3 groups (n = 6): 1 group received stereotaxical infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle, group 1) and the others received stereotaxical infusion of rotenone (groups 2 and 3). Apomorphine-induced rotation test was applied to the rats after 10 days. Thereafter, group 2 was administered isotonic saline, whereas group 3 was administered exenatide for 28 days. Results: Malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels increased in the rats with PD induced by rotenone, whereas malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels markedly decreased in the rats treated with exenatide. The apomorphine-induced rotation test scores of exenatide-treated rats were determined to be lower compared with the untreated group. Additionally, treatment with exenatide significantly reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in striatum. Conclusions: These results have shown that exenatide has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD.Öğe Neuroprotective effects of octreotide on diabetic neuropathy in rats(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2017) Solmaz, Volkan; Cinar, Bilge Piri; Yigitturk, Gurkan; Ozlece, Hatice Kose; Eroglu, Huseyin Avni; Tekatas, Aslan; Erbas, OytunThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the possible healing effects of octreotide (OCT) on motor performance, electrophysiological and histopathological findings of diabetic neuropathy in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM). To induce diabetes, rats were administered a single dose (60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were treated either with saline (1 ml/kg/day, n = 7) or OCT (0.1 mg/kg/ day, n = 7) for four weeks. Seven rats served as control group and received no treatment. At the end of the study, electromyography (EMG), gross motor function (inclined plate test), general histology and the perineural thickness of sciatic nerve were evaluated. At the end of study, weight loss was significantly lower in OCT treated rats than that of saline treated ones (p < 0.001). Electrophysiologically, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes of the saline treated DM group were significantly reduced than those of controls (p < 0.0001). Also, distal latency and CMAP durations were significantly prolonged in saline treated DM group (p < 0.05) compared to control. However, treatment of diabetic rats with OCT significantly counteracted these alterations in EMG. Furthermore, OCT significantly improved the motor performance scores in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Histomorphometric assessment of the sciatic nerve demonstrated a significant reduction in perineural thickness in OCT treated group compared to saline group. In conclusion, OCT possesses beneficial effects against STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy, which promisingly support the use of OCT as a neuroprotective agent in patients with diabetic neuropathy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe Rebaudioside A inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in rats(Elsevier Taiwan, 2016) Uyanikgil, Yigit; Cavusoglu, Turker; Balcioglu, Huseyin A.; Gurgul, Serkan; Solmaz, Volkan; Ozlece, Hatice K.; Erten, NilgunThe safety of patients with epilepsy consuming sweetening agents, which is becoming increasingly prevalent for various reasons, is a topic that should be emphasized as sensitively as it is for other diseases. Patients with epilepsy consume sweetening agents for different reasons such being diabetic or overweight. They can occasionally be exposed to sweetening agents unrestrainedly through consuming convenience food, primarily beverages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rebaudioside A (Reb-A), which is a steviol glycoside produced from the herb Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), on epileptic seizures and convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Forty-eight male rats were used. Twenty-four rats were administered 35 mg/kg PTZ to trigger epileptiform activity; the remaining 24 rats were administered 70 mg/kg PTZ to trigger the convulsion model. The epileptiform activity was evaluated by spike percentage, whereas convulsion was evaluated by Racine's Convulsion Scale and the onset time of the first myoclonic jerk. Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in the Racine's Convulsion Scale score and increase in the latency of first myoclonic jerk in a dose-dependent manner for the rat groups in which PTZ epilepsy had been induced and Reb-A had been administered. For the groups that were administered Reb-A, the spike decrease was apparent in a dose-dependent manner, based on the spike percentage calculation. These results indicated that Reb-A has positive effects on PTZ-induced convulsions. Copyright (C) 2016, Kaohsiung Medical University. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.Öğe Response to: The association between retinal thickness variations and restless leg syndrome (RLS)(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Ozlece, Hatice Kose; Solmaz, Volkan; Ozal, Sadik Altan; Celik, Yahya[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Serum neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios, C-reactive protein and sedimentation levels in Parkinson's disease(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2018) Solmaz, Volkan; Genc, Elmas Pekdas; Aksoy, Durdane; Cevik, Betul; Kurt, Semiha Gulsum; Benli, IsmailPurpose: We aimed to investigate the systemic inflammation status by analyzing the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and C - reactive protein (CRP) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Materials and Methods: 101 PD patients, and 60 healthy subjects of similar age and gender were include in this study. The demographic data and duration of the disease, the drugs, duration of usage of Parkinson drugs, Hoehn-Yahr stage were noted. After full neurological examination blood samples are collected and neutrophil, lymphocyte counts, high sensitive CRP, ESR levels are detected. Results: The N/L ratio and the CRP levels were statistically higher in Parkinson's group. There was a statistically significant but weak positive correlation between the CRP levels and the N/L ratio with the disease duration. Similarly, there was a statistically significant but weak positive correlation between the CRP levels and the N/L ratios with Hoehn-Yahr stages. When the N/L rates of the Parkinson's patients were correlated with the CRP and the ESR levels separately, it was observed that there was a weak but statistically significant correlation between the CRP and the N/L ratio Conclusion: N/L ratio, and CRP levels, which are very important indicators of peripheral inflammation, was higher in PD. Our findings suggest that these biochemical markers may have a predictive value for the diagnosis of PD.Öğe Small fiber neuropathy and related factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; the results of cutaneous silent period and skin biopsy(Bmc, 2020) Tekatas, Aslan; Tekatas, Demet Deniz; Solmaz, Volkan; Karaca, Turan; Pamuk, Omer NuriIntroduction Evaluating small nerve fibers in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using cutaneous silent period (CSP) and skin biopsy and assesssing the relationship between clinical signs, autoantibodies and neuropathic pain score. Objective - methods Fifty one SLE patients and 46 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Nerve conduction studies and CSP were performed both on upper and lower limbs in subjects. Skin biopsy was performed and the number of epidermal nerve density and IL-6 staining were evaluated. Results In SLE patients, CSP latencies were significantly prolonged both in lower and upper limbs and lower and upper extremity CSP durations were significantly shorter when compared to controls (p < 0.001). The number of epidermal nerve was significantly lower in SLE patients when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion We detected marked small nerve fiber damage in both lower and upper limbs in SLE patients using CSP. Decreased epidermal nerve density also supports this finding.Öğe Trakya Bölgesindeki Multipl Sklerozis Tanısı ile Takipli Hastaların Klinik, Demografik, Radyolojik Özellikleri ve Tedavi Yanıtlarının Değerlendirilmesi(2017) Çelebı, Canan; Solmaz, Volkan; İnalkaç, Yağmur; Çelik, YahyaAmaç: Çalışmada 2005–2013 yılları arasında Trakya Üniversitesi TıpFakültesi Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı’nda takip edilen Multipl Sklerozis(MS) tanısı almış hastaların klinik, demografik, epidemiyolojik verilerinive kullandıkları tedavileri retrospektif olarak arşivlerden incelendi.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 210 hastanın 126’sı(%60) kadın, 84’ü (%40) erkekti, kadın/erkek oranı ise 3/2 olaraksaptandı. Tüm hastaların yaş ortalaması 40,7±10,6 iken, erkeklerinyaş ortalaması 42±10,8, kadınların yaş ortalaması ise 39,9±10,5’ti.Hastalık başlangıç yaşı ortalaması 31,1±10 saptandı. Erkeklerdebaşlangıç yaşı ortalaması 32,5±10,4 iken kadınlarda 30,2± 9,6 olduğugörüldü. Vakaların ortalama hastalık süresi 9,6±6,7 yıl iken,erkeklerde ortalama hastalık süresi 9,4±6,6 yıl, kadınlarda ortalamahastalık süresi 9,7±6,7 yıldı.Bulgular: Multipl skleroz tanısıyla takip edilen hastalar MS klinikalt tiplerine göre sınıflandırıldığında Relapsing Remitting MS tanılı145 (%69), Primer Progresif MS (PPMS) tanılı 11 (%5,2), SekonderProgresif MS tanılı 5 (%2,4), Relapsing Progresif MS tanılı 30 (%14,3)ve Klinik izole Sendrom tanılı 19 (%9) hasta olduğu görüldü. Klinik alttiplerden PPMS’te hastaların yaş ortalaması 52,7 ±9,2 iken, hastalıkbaşlangıç yaşı ortalaması 39,8±11,7 ve hastalık süresi 12,9±6,1yıl olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PPMS grubunda kadın/erkek oranı 0,22iken RRMS’de ise kadın/erkek oranı 1,73 olarak saptandı. PPMSgrubundaki hastalar RRMS grubundaki hastalar ile yaş ortalaması,başlangıç yaşı ve hastalık süresi açısından karşılaştırıldığında; PPMSgrubunun yaş ortalaması ve başlangıç yaşının RRMS grubuna göredaha geç ve hastalık süresinin daha uzun olduğu tespit edildi.Sonuç: Çalışmada elde edilen veriler literatür ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde,literatürdeki verilerle benzer sonuçların olduğugörülmüştür