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Öğe AIRBORNE FUNGAL DIVERSITY INSIDE A NURSING HOME IN EDIRNE, TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Yilmaz, Oznur; Asan, Ahmet; Aydogdu, Halide; Sen, BurhanWe aimed to determine the indoor airborne fungal concentration and diversity of a nursing home in Edirne City (Turkey). We sampled indoor airborne fungal sampling two times a month during 6 months period from 9 different places of nursing home. Also we investigated distribution of fungi as monthly seasonal and relationship with meteorological factors. We determined 9.520 CFU/m(3) fungal colonies by aspiration 21.600 L of air using 216 Petri plates for fungal isolation. The highest fungal counts were found in dining hall and the lowest in lounge. Also the highest fungal counts found in April and lowest in December. We determined 80 fungal species belonging to the 31 genera. The most appearing fungal genera were Penicillium, Cladosporium and Aspergillus and Penicillium genus had highest species diversity with 34 species. We determined Penicillium, Cladosporiurn, Aspergillus, Mycelia sterilia and Alternaria in all months. Penicillium and Aspergillus genera were the most appeared in April and Cladosporium was in May. Correlation of Alternaria, Aspergillus and Cladosporium genera with temperature was found significant as statistics (*p<0.05). There are living old humans whose have generally health problems in nursing homes and determination of indoor airborne fungi in these places are important for prevent allergic reactions and potential fungal infections.Öğe Airborne fungi in child day care centers in Edirne City, Turkey(Springer, 2008) Aydogdu, Halide; Asan, AhmetThe purpose of this study was to determine the concentration, in terms of monthly and seasonal distribution and in relation to meteorological factors, of indoor and outdoor microfungi at selected sites in several child day care centers in the city of Edirne, Turkey. Samples were collected at one month intervals over a period of 12 months between January-December 2004, by exposing petri plates containing Peptone Dextrose Agar with Rose-Bengal and Streptomycin medium to the air for 10-15 min. A total of 2,071 microfungal colonies were counted on 192 petri plates. Thirty microfungal genera (Acremonium, Alternaria, Arthrinium, Aspergillus, Bahusakala, Beauveria, Ceuthospora, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Drechslera, Epicoccum, Eurotium, Fusarium, Mycotypha, Myrotechium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Ramichloridium, Rhizopus, Scopulariopsis, Stachybotrys, Stemphylium, Torula, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Ulocladium, Verticillium) and 75 microfungal species were isolated from the air indoor and outdoor of the day care centers. The dominant microfungal genera were Cladosporium, Penicillium and Alternaria (44.11%, 18.94%, 14.67% of the total respectively), while the genus with the most species richness was Penicillium (26 species). Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium and non-sporulating microfungi were found every month. Cladosporium was the dominant genus in both indoor and outdoor air. Although the predominant genus was the same in both indoor and outdoor air, Cladosporium was followed by Penicillium, Alternaria and Aspergillus genera in indoor air and by Alternaria, Penicillium and Aspergillus genera in outdoor air. While a positive correlation was found between the concentration of monthly outdoor microfungi and monthly average temperature, a negative correlation was found between the concentration of monthly outdoor microfungi and monthly average wind velocity. Also, some relationships were found between the monthly concentrations of the most predominant microfungal genera (Cladosporium, Penicillium and Alternaria) and various meteorological factors.Öğe Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities and Antifungal Activity of Different Plants Species Against Pink Mold Rot-Causing Trichothecium roseum(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Balkan, Bilal; Balkan, Seda; Aydogdu, Halide; Guler, Necmettin; Ersoy, Huseyin; Askin, BuketTrichothecium roseum causes the pink mold rot in many fruits and vegetables around the world. Due to this infection, significant losses arise in foods. In order to control this infection, plant extracts offer alternative treatment for fungicides. In this study, 50 plant species were screened for their antifungal effects against T. roseum. Anthemis arvensis, Origanum vulgare, Sambucus ebulus and Thymus longicaulis powders totally inhibited the mycelia growth of T. roseum at 10% (w/v). The powders of Chelidonium majus and Clinopodium vulgare were effective to T. roseum, with a percentage of inhibition of mycelia growth higher than 70%. MIC of A. arvensis aqueous extracts were lower than the other extracts (125 mu g/ml). Also its extracts inhibited the spore germination by 100% at 1000 mu g/ml. The incidence of the pink mold rot on tomatoes which were treated with C. majus aqueous extracts (75, 150 and 300 mg/ml) was lower than the extracts of other plants when compared to control. At concentration of 300 mg/ml, C. majus extracts prevented the disease by 71.42%. By the SEM, it was determined at the 4MIC extracts, cell wall degradation, swelling, flattening, lysis, collapsing and wrinkling on the hyphal structure. The highest total phenolic and flavanol contents were observed in O. vulgare extracts (310.49 mg GA/g) and T. longicaulis (5.24 mg CE/g). The EC50 values of the experimented extracts were lowered than the EC50 value of Gallic acid (1.87 mg/ml). Meanwhile, in all of the extracts there were phenolic compounds, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, caffeic acid and kaempferol as determined with HPLC system. This research demonstrates that C. majus aqueous extracts may possess high potential to control the pink mold rot on tomatoes as new natural antifungal products.Öğe Evaluation of antioxidant and antifungal activities of several plants against agents of postharvest citrus sour rot and green mould rot(Ars Docendi, 2019) Balkan, Bilal; Aydogdu, Halide; Balkan, Seda; Askin, Buket; Ersoy, HuseyinThe antifungal activities of chloroform extracts of 10 plants species belonging to Lamiaceae family, which were collected from Kirklareli (Turkey), against Geotrichum candidum, theagent of postharvest citrus sour rot and Penicillium digitatum, the agent of postharvest citrus green mould rot, were researched. The lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values against G. candidum and P. digitatum were obtained in the extract of Marrubiumperegrinum L. (250 and 125 mu g/ml). In 1000 mu g/ml, the extracts of Melissa officinalis showed 100% inhibition on the spore germination of G. candidum and P. digitatum. In the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations of G. candidum and P. digitatum that was subjected to M peregrinum extract (4MIC) degenerative changes in the hyphal morphology were seen in the form of cell wall degradation, lysis and collapsing. The highest values of total phenolics were obtained from Mentha pulegium extracts (739.57 mg GAE/g). The lowest EC50 values (0.08 mg/ml) were found in the extracts of M peregrinum and Sideritis montana. The highest flavanol content was determined from M. officialis exctracts (12.71 mg CE/mg). This study demonstrates M. peregrinum extracts may possess high antifungal activity against G. candidum and P. digitatum.Öğe Indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria in child day-care centers in Edirne City (Turkey), seasonal distribution and influence of meteorological factors(Springer, 2010) Aydogdu, Halide; Asan, Ahmet; Otkun, Muserref TatmanThis paper presents information about airborne mesophilic bacteria in the indoor and outdoor air of child day-care centers (CDCCs) in the city of Edirne, Turkey. Air samples were collected using the Petri plate gravitational settling method from the indoor and outdoor air of CDCCs. Counts of airborne bacteria were measured as colony forming units (CFU) collected by gravity onto Brain Heart Infusion Agar plates (with 5% sheep blood). Samples were taken monthly over a period of 12 months between January and December 2004. A total of 3,120 bacteria colonies were counted on 192 Petri plates. Four groups of culturable bacteria were identified: Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, endospore-forming Gram-positive bacilli, and Gram-negative bacteria. Airborne Gram-positive bacteria were the most abundant at more than 95% of the measured population. While Gram-positive cocci were more common in indoor environments, Gram-positive bacilli were more dominant in outdoor air. Bacteria commonly isolated from CDCCs were identified at a genus level. Staphylococcus (39.16%), Bacillus (18.46%), Corynebacterium (16.25%), and Micrococcus (7.21%) were dominant among the genera identified in the present study. The dominant genera identified in the day-care centers were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Corynebacterium for indoor air and Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Staphylococcus for outdoor air. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Corynebacterium genera were found in samples from every month. Bacterial colony counts were compared by sampling location (indoors and outdoors), seasons, and meteorological factors. We found negative correlations between the monthly total outdoor bacterial counts and the sampling day's average relative humidity and average rainfall, and the monthly average rainfall. Fluctuations in bacterial counts in different seasons were observed.Öğe Investigation of indoor molds and allergic diseases in public primary schools in Edirne city of Turkey(Allergy Immunol Soc Thailand,, 2011) Celtik, Coskun; Okten, Suzan; Okutan, Ozlem; Aydogdu, Halide; Bostancioglu, Musa; Ekuklu, Galip; Asan, AhmetBackground: Studies evaluating the role of indoor molds in the development of allergic or respiratory symptoms in schools are few in childhood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate relation between indoor molds and allergic diseases or respiratory symptoms in primary school's children in Edirne, Turkey. Methods: Ten public primary schools were included into the study. A thorough assessment, using a questionnaire and inspection surveys was carried out. The concentration of culturable mold was assessed in the dust samples in the schools. Indoor temperature and humidity were measured. A total of 1374 students who completed valid questionnaires were included in the study, and dust-samples were collected from the schools. Results: Cumulative and current prevalence rates of wheezing, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were found as 31.4%, 9.3%, 16.2%, 6.0% and 13.4%, 11.9%, 15.1%, 2.1%, respectively. The most frequent mold-species detected in indoor dusts were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria and Aspergillus. Although the prevalence rates of allergic diseases and respiratory symptoms were high, indoor mold amounts were low in the schools in our region and no significant correlation was determined between indoor mold amount and the prevalence of these diseases in schools or classrooms. Conclusion: Even though allergic molds are present in schools, the mold-exposure may not be an important predisposing factor for development of allergic and respiratory diseases the schools in our region. (Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2011;29:42-9)Öğe Production and characterization of lipase from Penicillium aurantiogriseum under solid-state fermentation using sunflower pulp(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Paluzar, Hatice; Tuncay, Didem; Aydogdu, HalideSolid-State Fermentation (SSF) defined as a system in which the growth of microorganisms occurs on a moist solid substrate, shows tremendous potential in applications of microbial enzyme production as a low-cost, low-energy option. In this work, the production of lipase from Penicillium aurantiogriseum by using SSF was investigated. For this purpose, the sunflower pulp, an agro-industrial by-product, was utilized as a solid substrate in the SSF method. The optimization and characterization studies for lipase extract were performed by using the p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) (C16) as substrate. The lipase activity was found as 29.6 +/- 0.11 U/mg protein at optimum conditions (50 mM of Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.0, 40 degrees C). In thermal stability assay, the catalytic activities of lipase which are kept at 40, 50 and, 60 degrees C in a water bath for 1 h, were calculated as 100%, 60.48 +/- 1.3%, 32.67 +/- 0.2%, respectively. Also, the enzyme lost rapidly its activity within 15 min at 70 degrees C. The kinetic data, K (m) and V (max) , were determined as 0.17 mM and 2.9 mu M/min, respectively. Also, 10 mM of Ba+2 ion had a slight activating effect (15%) showed on lipase. Lipase kept about 50% of its activity at 4 degrees C at the end of the 30 days. The hydrolytic activities of lipase for commercial olive oil and sunflower oil were found as 3.52 +/- 0.1 U/mg and 3.90 +/- 0.12 U/mg, respectively. The SSF method had obvious potential for the sustainable and cost-effective production of lipase from P. aurantiogriseum. Also, these results confirmed that the sunflower pulp could be used as an alternative substrate to produce enzymes in SSF conditions.Öğe A Research on Soil and Air Microfungi in Agricultural Areas Growing Different Plants in Thrace Region(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2020) Cakmak, Meltem; Aydogdu, HalideThe aim of this study was to investigated the concentration and composition of microfungi and airborne microfungi in the soil where various field and horticultural crops were grown in the Thrace Region. The average number of micro fungi in fresh soil corresponding to 1 g of dry soil was highest in potato-grown soil and lowest in sunflower soil. While the soil of the onion field showed the most diversity in terms of micro fungus genus, the least variation was observed in pea garden. In the air samples taken from the fields where field crops were grown, the most fungal spores were isolated from chickpea field and the least from sunflower field. While the fungal diversity was highest in air samples taken from onion and corn fields, the least variation was determined in air samples taken from bean and mint garden. Microfungi of Mycelia Sterilia were most commonly isolated in all soil samples, followed by Penicillium, Acremonium, Aspergillus and Fusarium species, respectively. Cladosporium was determined to be the predominant genus in the air of the fields where all plants were grown.Öğe Screening of microfungi for lipolytic activity and optimization of process parameters in lipase production by solid substrate fermentation using selected microfungi (Penicillium aurantiogriseum)(Academic Publication Council, 2021) Cakmak, Meltem; Aydogdu, HalideIn the present study, eighty-four strains of microfungi were screened for lipolytic activity, and Penicillium aurantiogriseum showing the highest enzyme activity was selected. Then extracellular lipase production from this species was carried out using the solid state fermentation (SSF) method, in which various agricultural wastes were used as substrates. Among the various agricultural wastes used in SSF, sunflower pulp was determined as the best solid substrate. Optimum fermentation conditions were found as follows: 6-day incubation time at 25 degrees C and moisturizing liquid pH: 5.5 (distilled water), initial moisture level 75% (w/v), initial inoculum concentration 1 ml (1x10(6) spores/ml), and 1% sesame oil as a carbon source. As a result of the optimum conditions, the volume activity was recorded as 0.4 U/ml, and the specific enzyme activity was obtained as 1.13 U/mg.Öğe A STUDY ON AIRBORNE AND WATERBORNE MICROFUNGI OF MERIC-ERGENE RIVER BASIN, TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Aydogdu, Halide; Elipek, Belgin CamurThe qualitative and quantitative distributions of airborne and waterborne microfungi were determined in the streams at Meric-Ergene River Basin which is one of the biggest wetlands of Turkey. A total of 17 localities at 8 different streams in the basin were sampled in June 2009 and June 2010. While a total of 51 species within 25 microfungi genera were isolated, 37 species of them were observed at water samples and 27 species of them were observed at air samples. Only 12 species of them were found in both sides. The species isolated from the water Alternaria citri, Penicillium citrinum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus were the most abundant ones in the year 2009 (abundance 19.15%, 8.96%, 7.21%, 5.72%, and 4.48%, respectively), and the species Penicillium oxalicum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Sarocladium strictum and Davidiella macrocarpa were the most abundant ones in the year 2010 (abundance 1.63%, 1.13%, 1.13%, and 0.75%, respectively). The species isolated from the air Alternaria citri, Graphiopsis chlorocephala, and Cladosporium herbarum were the most abundant ones in the year 2009 (abundance 24.05%, 2.22%, and 2.06% respectively), and the species Fusarium poae, Alternaria citri, and Sarocladium strictum were the most abundant ones in the year 2010 (abundance 34.56%, 7.76%, and 4.35%, respectively). Furthermore, some physicochemical features (air and water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, light permeability, and bicarbonate) of the sampling localities were measured to determine the relationships between the distributions of the microfungi and environmental conditions.
