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Öğe Vanillin: Is It Just An Aromatic Or a Cure For Cancer?(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2019) Mutlu, Arda Ulaş; Kanev, Martin; Zenginer, Büşra Diler; Dıbırdık, İlkerAbstract: Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases mankind has confronted, and it is listed as the second most common reason of death according to the World Health Organization. Its damage to global economy is valued trillions of dollars and it is increasing day by day. This literature review is aiming to reflect on vanillin's anticancer potential, a natural chemical being used in different industrial areas. Beside flavour, it is a powerful antioxidant and a strong antimutagenic. Oxidative stress and mutati-ons are two major reasons for carcinogenesis. Therefore, the cancer prevention and/or therapeutic potential of vanillin is being investigated. Many studies using different cell lines have noted that vanillin had positive effects on cancer. Keywords: Cancer, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, vanillinÖğe Research of Urgent Biochemistry Test Ordering Habit(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2018) Elmacı, Kubilay; İnce, Betül; Eskiocak, Sevgi; Özgün, ErayAims: This study aims to reveal the inappropriate use of biochemical laboratory testing at Trakya University Hospital Biochemistry Laboratory, increase the awareness of the physicians and prevent time loss.Methods: This study was descriptive, retrospective and carried out by scanning data resources. Two 48-hour intervals were chosen to evaluate the test ordering habits of the physicians working at Trakya University Hospital. Between the dates of 3rd - 5th of November 2017, Trakya University Hospital Biochemistry Laboratory was working fully functionally. However, between the dates of 10th - 12th of November 2017, the automation system of the hospital was scheduled to be shutdown due to a technical error. All the physicians working at Trakya University Hospital were informed about the technical error of the automation system and were told that they would need to order only stat tests by using old-fashioned test request forms. The data of ordered tests in these two-time intervals were analyzed and compared by using frequencies and percentages as descriptive statistics. Results: The mean number of tests per patient was 23 between 3rd - 5th of November 2017 and 15.5 between 10th - 12th of November 2017. The number of patients who had at least one test order decreased only 13.1% between 10th - 12th of November 2017. The total number of departments who made at least one test order increased by one between 10th - 12th of November 2017. Conclusion: This study indicates that physicians should be more careful while ordering tests which are necessary. Therefore, there is a need for better communication between the laboratory staff and physicians that also plays a significant role in providing better health care for the patients.Öğe Breast cyst fluid free amino acid profile(2010) Dağlar, Aynur; Erbaş, Hakan; Gülen, ŞendoğanAmaç: Kistik meme hastalıkları kadınlarda en fazla görülen meme hastalığıdır. Apokrin epitelli (Na/K<3) ve düz epitelli (Na/K>3) olmak üzere iki tip meme kisti bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çeşitli çalışmalar memesinde kistik bir oluşum bulunan kadınların 1.7-7.5 kat daha fazla meme kanserine yakalanma riski taşıdıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Kanserli hastaların periferal dolaşımına bakıldığında ise genellikle anormal bir amino asit profili saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, amino asit profilindeki değişiklikler organ düzeyindeki kanserler ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı meme kanseri gelişimi yönünden yüksek ve düşük risk grubu kistlerdeki amino asit düzeylerini incelemek ve bu kistlerden meme kanseri gelişimi yönündeki olası mekanizmaları araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada kistik meme hastalığı olan kadınlardan alınan meme kist sıvısı kullanıldı. Meme kist sıvısı amino asit düzeyleri HPLC metodu ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Apokrin epitelli kist grubunda aspartik asit, glutamik asit, hidroksiprolin, serin, glisin, treonin, alanin, prolin, tirozin, metiyonin, izolösin, fenilalanin ve triptofan düzeyleri anlamlı olarak yüksek, lizin düzeyi ise düşük bulundu. Sonuç: Kanser gelişimi yönünden yüksek riske sahip olan apokrin epitelli kistlerde bulunan daha yüksek amino asit düzeyleri, amino asitlerin meme kanseri gelişim sürecinde potansiyel bir role sahip olabileceğini göstermektedir.Öğe C ve E vitaminlerinin, kronik olarak alkolle beslenen sıçanlarda beyin dokusu arjinaz aktivitesi, ornitin ve üre düzeylerine etkileri(2007) Kundak, Ayşe A.; Erbaş, Hakan; Gülen, Şendoğan; Dökmeci, Gülbin; Çelik, Hüseyin; Özcan, TurgutAmaç: Sıçanlarda uzun süreli alkol kullanımının beyin arjinaz enzim aktivitesi ve ornitin üzerine etkisi ile C ve E vitaminlerinin bu parametreler üzerindeki etkisi araştırıldı. Çalışma Planı: Çalışmada 4-6 aylık, 75 erkek Wistar Albino cinsi sıçan kullanıldı. On beşerlik gruplar halinde beş çalışma grubu oluşturuldu. Birinci gruba alkole eşit kaloride glukoz oral yoldan verilirken, 2. gruba alkol, 3. gruba alkole ek olarak C vitamini, 4. gruba alkole ek olarak E vitamini, 5. gruba alkole ek olarak C ve E vitaminleri 20 hafta süreyle verildi. Yirminci hafta sonunda sıçanlar sakrifiye edildi. Beyin dokusu örneklerinde arjinaz enzim aktivitesi, ornitin ve üre düzeyleri ölçüldü. Bulgular: Beyin dokusu arjinaz aktivitesi, ornitin ve üre düzeyleri tedavi alan gruplarda alkol grubuna oranla anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: Kronik alkol kullanımında arttığı bilinen nitrik oksit sentazın (NOS), L-arjinin havuzunun tükenmesine yol açarak arjinaz enzim aktivitesinde azalmaya neden olabileceği, antioksidan vitaminler olarak C ve E vitaminlerinin kullanımının, oksidatif stresi azaltıp arjinaz/NOS yolağını arjinaz lehine çevirebileceği ve olumsuz etkileri bilinen nitrik oksit üretiminin azalmasının söz konusu olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Aynı anda üretimi artan poliaminler bu olumlu etkiyi daha da artırabilecektir. Dolayısı ile kronik alkol kullanımının zararlı etkilerini azaltmada C ve E vitaminlerinden yararlanılabilir.Öğe Caffeine Increases Apolipoprotein A-1 and Paraoxonase-1 but not Paraoxonase-3 Protein Levels in Human-Derived Liver (HepG2) Cells(2017) Özgün, Gülben Sayılan; Özgün, Eray; Tabakçıoğlu, Kıymet; Gökmen, Selma Süer; Eskiocak, Sevgi; Çakır, ErolBackground: Apolipoprotein A-1, paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3 are antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic structural high-density lipoprotein proteins that are mainly synthesized by the liver. No study has ever been performed to specifically examine the effects of caffeine on paraoxonase enzymes and on liver apolipoprotein A-1 protein levels. Aims: To investigate the dose-dependent effects of caffeine on liver apolipoprotein A-1, paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3 protein levels. Study Design: In vitro experimental study. Methods: HepG2 cells were incubated with 0 (control), 10, 50 and 200 ?M of caffeine for 24 hours. Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. ApolipoproteinA-1, paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3 protein levels were measured by western blotting. Results: We observed a significant increase on apolipoprotein A-1 and paraoxonase-1 protein levels in the cells incubated with 50 µM of caffeine and a significant increase on paraoxonase-1 protein level in the cells incubated with 200 µM of caffeine. Conclusion: Our study showed that caffeine does not change paraoxonase-3 protein level, but the higher doses used in our study do cause an increase in both apolipoprotein A-1 and paraoxonase-1 protein levels in liver cellsÖğe Paraoxonase 1 activity and survival in sepsis patients(2015) İnal, Volkan; Yamanel, Levent; Taşkın, Gürhan; Tapan, Serkan; Cömert, BilginBackground: Sepsis is a state of augmented oxidative stress and diminished antioxidant capacity. High den- sity lipoprotein (HDL) particles were shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which is an enzyme that is also protective against HDL oxidation. Previous stud- ies suggested a possible role of decreased PON1 activ- ity or HDL levels in sepsis patients. Aims: The present study was designed to test a hypoth- esis that higher PON1 activity and HDL-cholesterol levels could predict a better survival in sepsis patients. Study Design: Observational study. Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from sepsis patients for HDL-cholesterol levels, PON1 ac- tivity and cytokine assays (TNF-α and IL-6) and Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores were calculated in order to weight patients’ disease severity on the day of sepsis diagnosis. Patients were followed-up until the 28th day for any cause intra- hospital mortality. Data were statistically analyzed for effects of study parameters on patients’ survival. Results: In total, 85 patients with sepsis were included in the study. The mean age was 65.2±17.9 years and 48 were male; at the end of the 28-day follow-up pe- riod, 46 survived. TNF-α (86.9±10.5 vs 118.6±16.4) and IL-6 levels (906.7±82.7 vs 1323.1±54.3) were sig- nificantly higher in non-survivors, while PON1 activity (140.7±42.3 vs 66.7±46.6) and HDL-cholesterol lev- els (43.6±8.1 vs 34.5±8.9) were significantly higher in survivors (p<0.001 for all). TNF-α (r=-0.763) and IL-6 levels (r=-0.947) showed strong negative correlations, PON1 activity (r=0.644) and HDL-cholesterol levels (r=0.477) showed positive correlations with patient sur- vival (p<0.001 for all). Survival estimates significantly favored TNF-α (Log Rank 59.5, p<0.001) and IL-6 levels (Log Rank 53.2, p<0.001) according to PON1 activity (Log Rank 5.4, p<0.03) and HDL-cholesterol levels (Log Rank 8.3, p<0.005). Regression analyses for relative contributions of parameters to survival showed that higher IL-6 levels (t:-16.489, p<0.001) were the most significant negative factor for survival, and TNF-α levels (t:-4.417, p<0.001), whereas PON1 activity had a positive effect (t:3.210, p<0.003). Conclusion: The present study showed that although low PON1 activity and HDL-cholesterol levels were related to mortality, higher levels were not found to be as predictive as cytokine levels for survival.Öğe Effect of rosuvastatin on arginase enzyme activity and polyamine production in experimental breast cancer(2015) Erbaş, Hakan; Bal, Oğuz; Çakır, ErolBackground: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour of women around the world. As a key enzyme of the urea cycle, arginase leads to the formation of urea and ornithine from L-arginine. In the patients with several different cancers, arginase has been found to be higher and reported to be a useful biological marker. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rosuvastatin on serum and cancer tissue arginase enzyme activity, and ornithine and polyamine (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) levels. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: In this study, 50 male Balb/c mice were used. Erchlich acid tumour cells were injected into the subcutaneous part of their left foot. The mice were divided into five groups: healthy control group, healthy treatment, tumour control, treatment 1 and treatment 2. Then, 1 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses of rosuvastatin were given intraperitoneally. Serum and tissue arginase enzyme activities and tissue ornithine levels were determined spectrophotometrically. HPLC measurement of polyamines were applied. Results: Increased serum arginase activity and polyamine levels were significantly decreased with rosuv- astatin treatment. In the tumour tissue, arginase activity and ornithine levels were significantly decreased in treatment groups compared to the tumour group. Tissue polyamine levels also decreased with rosuvastatin treatment. Conclusion: We suggest that rosuvastatin may have some protective effects on breast cancer development as it inhibits arginase enzyme activity and ornithine levels, precursors of polyamines, and also polyamine levels. This protective effect may be through the induction of nitric oxide (NO) production via nitric oxide synthase (NOS). As a promising anticancer agent, the net effects of rosuvastatin in this mechanism should be supported with more advanced studies and new parameters.
