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    Differences in grain zinc are not correlated with root uptake and grain translocation of zinc in wild emmer and durum wheat genotypes
    (Springer, 2017) Yilmaz, Ozlem; Kazar, Gamze Altintas; Cakmak, Ismail; Ozturk, Levent
    Cereal-based foods fall short of providing adequate dietary zinc (Zn) to human beings. Developing new genotypes with high genetic capacity for root uptake and grain deposition of Zn is an important challenge. There is a large genetic variation for grain Zn concentration among and between wheat species, especially within wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) that can be exploited in order to understand the physiological mechanisms contributing to grain Zn accumulation. Eight different wild emmer genotypes and two durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars were used to investigate root uptake, root-to-shoot translocation and remobilization (i.e., retranslocation) from flag leaves into grains of (ZnSO4)-Zn-65-treated plants. The initial seed Zn concentrations of wild emmer wheat and durum genotypes used in the experiments were different, ranging from 45 to 73 mg kg(-1) and from 35 to 40 mg kg(-1), respectively. Plants were grown in nutrient solution for the experiments investigating root uptake and shoot transport of Zn by using Zn-65 labeled ZnSO4 and in soil medium for the experiments studying shoot and grain Zn concentrations and Zn-65 translocation from flag leaves into grains. The treatment of flag leaves with Zn-65 was realized by immersion of flag leaves into (ZnSO4)-Zn-65 solution for 15 seconds and for 5 times during the anthesis and early milk stages. Wild emmer and durum wheat genotypes expressed highly significant differences in root uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of Zn-65 and translocation of Zn-65 from flag leaves into grains. However, none of these parameters showed a significant correlation either with the initial seed Zn concentrations at sowing or the grain Zn concentrations at harvest. The durum wheat cultivars with higher grain yield had lower concentration of Zn both in seeds at sowing or in grains at harvest, while wild emmer genotypes with lower grain yield capacity had higher concentration of Zn both in seeds at sowing or in grains at harvest. The concentration or content (total amount) of Zn in shoot during the early growth stage also did not correlate with the initial seed Zn concentrations. Differences in grain Zn concentration of wild emmer and cultivated wheats could not be explained by root Zn uptake and Zn translocation from flag leaf into grains during seedling and reproductive growth stages, respectively. It seems that there are additional key factors affecting the expression of genetic variation for grain Zn accumulation.
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    Efficiency of Cervical Sonography for the Determination of Preterm Birth in Singleton and Twin Pregnancies After 25 Weeks' Gestation
    (Galenos Yayincilik, 2005) Sayin, N. Cenk; Varol, Fusun G.; Yilmaz, Ozlem; Kurt, Imran
    Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of cervical sonography in determination of preterm birth in singleton and twin pregnancies. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 women (56 with singleton and 22 with twin pregnancies) with preterm labor who were admitted to our department between 25 and 36 weeks' gestation were enrolled in the study. Cervical length and the presence of cervical funneling were evaluated by transvaginal sonographic scan. For singleton and twin pregnancies reaching >= 37 and >= 34 weeks' gestation respectively, were accepted as good perinatal outcome. The cut-off values for cervical length were set at <35 mm for singleton and <25 mm for twin pregnancies. Results: Sonographic evaluation and delivery weeks for singleton and twin pregnancies were 33 (25-36) and 36 (26-40) weeks, and 31 (25-33) and 34 (31-36) weeks, respectively. A cervical length <35 mm for singleton pregnancies, <25 mm for twins have 67.9% and 57.1% sensitivity, 46.4% and 86.7% specificity, 55.9% and 66.7% positive predictive and 59.1% and 81.3% negative predictive values for the determination of preterm birth, respectively. The presence of cervical funneling for singleton and twin pregnancies determined preterm birth with sensitivity of 83.3% and 55.6%, specificity of 50% and 84.6%, positive predictive value of 44.1% and 71.4%, negative predictive value of 86.4% and 73.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Cervical sonography after 25 weeks' gestation can determine preterm birth with high sensitivity and negative predictive value in twin pregnancies presented with preterm labor. However, for singleton pregnancies the presence of cervical funneling has high sensitivity and negative predictive values for the determination of preterm birth.
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    Turkish League Against Rheumatism National Recommendations for the Management of Ankylosing Spondylitis
    (Turkish League Against Rheumatism, 2011) Bodur, Hatice; Sivas, Filiz; Yilmaz, Ozlem; Ozgocmen, Salih; Gunaydin, Rezzan; Kaya, Taciser; Ataman, Sebnem
    Objectives: To develop Turkish League Against Rheumatism (TLAR) National Recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Materials and methods: A scientific committee of 25 experts consisting of six rheumatologists and 19 physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists was formed by TLAR. Recommendations were based on the 2006 ASsessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Working Group(ASAS)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations and a systematic review of associated publications between January 2005 and September 2010. A Delphi process was used to develop the recommendations. Twelve major recommendations were constructed for the management of AS. Voting using a numerical rating scale assessed the strength of each recommendation. Results: The 12 recommendations include patient assessment, patient follow-up along with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Some minor additions and changes have been made to the ASAS/EULAR recommendations. All of the recommendations had sufficient strength. Conclusion: National recommendations for the management of AS were developed based on scientific evidence and consensus expert opinion. These recommendations will be updated regularly in accordance with recent developments.