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Öğe Comparison of asymmetries in ground reaction force patterns between normal human gait and football players(Inst Sport, 2004) Cigali, BS; Ulucam, E; Yilmaz, A; Cakiroglu, MThe purpose of this study is to investigate the asymmetry of some temporal gait parameters and Ground Reaction Forces (GRF) in normal subjects and football players. 31 football players and 33 normal subjects participated in our study. The gait parameters were recorded by using an insole system. GRF values were recorded from the heel (Fmax1), middle feet (Fmax2), forefeet lateral side (Fmax3) and forfeet medial side (Fmax4). The subjects were asked to walk along an 8 in footpath and time versus force graphics recorded. Data were collected after exporting a worksheet program for percentage of swing and stance phase time (Tswing, Tstance), double support time (DST), and GRF values from four different parts of their feet and times to reach maximum force values (Tmax1, Tmax, Tmax3, Tmax4). Temporal parameters of both groups Tswing, T stance and DST have no statistical differences but they have no exact symmetry as well. All Fmax values were significantly high for the left side of the football players and in the control group only Fmax1 and Fmax4 were significantly high for the left side. Moreover, when comparing both groups, while for the left side Fmax3 and Tmax4 were significantly high for the football players group, Fmax1 was significantly low. For the right side only Fmax3 was significantly high for the football players. In conclusion, GRF values show asymmetry especially for the football players because of their stronger muscles coupled with the fact that they could stop and propel themselves into motion better than the control group.Öğe Deaths among homeless people in Istanbul(Elsevier Sci Ireland Ltd, 1999) Altun, G; Yilmaz, A; Azmak, DThe number of the homeless people in Istanbul, one of the largest cities in the world, is at present unknown. There has been no previous study in Turkey on cases and causes of death occurring among these individuals. In this paper, documents and autopsy reports of the Mortuary Section of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, covering the period January 1st, 1991-December 31st, 1995, were reviewed. We established that there were 126 cases of death among homeless individuals in Istanbul during this period, 120 of them being males (95%), four (3%) females, and two (2%) transsexuals. Ninety-four corpses were found outdoors, 32 indoors. No personal documents, such as identity cards, were found in 110 individuals (87%), whereas only 16 individuals could be identified. Most deaths occurred in the age group of 41-50 years. One hundred and three of the cases (82%) died in the cold season between October and April. The deaths of 98 cases were attributable to natural causes, whereas the remaining 28 cases died from unnatural causes. Respiratory tract diseases occupied the first rank among cases of death from natural causes (44%). Alcohol abuse and other infections were further striking factors contributing to the fatal outcome. This is the first retrospective study on this topic in Turkey. However, more detailed and anterospectively programmed studies on this subject, a growing social problem, should be carried out. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Deaths due to hunger strike: post-mortem findings(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2004) Altun, G; Akansu, B; Altun, BU; Azmak, D; Yilmaz, AHunger strike is described as voluntary refusal of food and/or fluids. Prolonged starvation may produce many adverse events including even death in rare circumstances. Here, we present three fatal cases (all males, 25-38 years) died from hunger strike. In all corpses, obvious muscle wasting with reduced subcutaneous and internal fat deposits, and atrophy in some organs were demonstrated at autopsy. The extraordinary long starvation period before death could presumably be linked to the thiamine uptake in this period, which had been discontinued by all subjects before the death occurred. Prolonged caloric deficiency with subsequent complications such as multiple organ failure, severe sepsis and ventricular fibrillation could account as major causes of death in these subjects. The competence of the physicians working with hunger strikers about the processes and potential problems is of great importance since they have to acknowledge about them to their patients. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe An experimental analysis on the magnetic field sensitivity of the black-meadow ant Formica pratensis Retzius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2005) Camlitepe, Y; Aksoy, V; Uren, N; Yilmaz, A; Becenen, IAnt responses were tested under both the natural geomagnetic and artificially induced Earth-strength electromagnetic field. Foragers were trained for a month to visit a food source at the north arm accessed through an orientation platform assembly. Under the natural geomagnetic, field, when all other orientational cues were eliminated, results indicated significant heterogeneity of ant distribution with the majority seeking geomagnetic north in darkness. However, in light, foragers failed to discriminate geomagnetic north. Under shifted artificial electromagnetic field, orientation was predominantly on the artificial magnetic N/S axis with a significant preference for the artificial north in both light and dark conditions.Öğe Firearm fatalities in Edirne, 1984-1997(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 1998) Azmak, D; Altun, G; Bilgi, S; Yilmaz, ADuring the 14-year period from 1984 to 1997 there were 85 firearm fatalities investigated by the Department of Forensic Medicine and the Department of Pathology in Edirne, Turkey. We determined the characteristics of these 85 firearm deaths which comprised 17.03% of all medicolegal autopsies. The overall incidence was 1.58 per 100 000 population. The median age was 35.5 years. Fifty-four percent of the victims were aged between 20 and 40 years. Males constituted 82% of the victims. The most frequent manner of death was homicide (68.3%). Handguns accounted for 62.4% of the weapons used. The most common sites for the firearm entrance wounds were both head-neck-nape (32.8%) and chest (32%). In conclusion, our study shows that, in spite of legal restrictions, illegal access to firearms is easy and deaths by firearms are still increasing. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Hemopericardium-related fatalities: A 10-year medicolegal autopsy experience(Karger, 2005) Altun, G; Altun, A; Yilmaz, ABackground: Patients with blunt or penetrating cardiac injury usually present with cardiac tamponade and hemorrhagic shock upon hospital arrival. Many victims die before they reach hospital. In this study, we present a detailed analysis of hemopericardium-related fatalities. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medicolegal autopsy records of hemopericardium-related fatalities that occurred from 1994 to 2003. The parameters investigated were demographic characteristics, hospitalization before death, the cause of death, the manner of death, the mechanism of death, the location of the entrance wound, the number of wounds reaching the target and the site of target perforation. Results: Seven women (mean age: 45 +/- 23 years) and 33 men (mean age: 34 +/- 12 years) were included in the study. Only 5 patients (12.5%) with cardiac activity reached the hospital. Twenty individuals (50%) were victims of stabbings, which was the most common cause of death. The most commonly encountered manner of death was homicide (79%). Thirty-one (77.5%) victims died of hemorrhagic shock and 9 (22.5%) of cardiac tamponade. Entrance wounds were frequently located on the left chest (n = 26). The perforated cardiac chambers were the left atrium (n = 1), the left ventricle (n = 12), the right atrium (n = 2) and the right ventricle (n = 15). One victim had coronary artery perforation. Nine victims had perforations on the intrapericardial part of the aorta. Conclusions: In our series, the hemopericardium-related deaths occurred predominantly in men. Stabbing was the most common cause of death. Entrance wounds were most commonly located on the left chest, and perforated sites were ventricles. Death at the scene was also frequent, and the mechanism of death was hemorrhagic shock. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.
