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    Short-term effects of problem-based learning curriculum on students' self-directed skills development
    (Medicinska Naklada, 2006) Yalcin, BM; Karahan, TF; Karadenizli, D; Sahin, EM
    Aim To investigate short-term effects of problem-based learning on students' scientific thinking, problem solving, and conflict resolution skills. Methods The study was conducted in two medical schools, Ondokuz Mayis University in Samsun and Trakya University in Edirne, Turkey. The two schools used different instructional approaches in educational methods: Ondokuz Mayis University followed a problem-based learning curriculum and Trakya University a traditional didactic curriculum. Three groups of students were included as follows: (a) 83 first-year from Ondokuz Mayis University, who passed an English language proficiency exam; (b) 146 students who failed English language proficiency exam and had to spend a year attending preparatory English language classes before starting their first year at Ondokuz Mayis University (first control group); and (c) 124 students first-year students from Trakya University (second control group). All participants completed the Problem Solving Inventory, Scientific Thinking Skills Questionnaire, and Conflict Resolution Scale at the beginning of the 2003/2004 academic year. The tests were re-administered to same students at the end of the academic year, ie, 10 months later. Results Analysis of covariance revealed no differences in pre-test scores among the problem-based learning, first, and second control groups in their scientific thinking (9.0 +/- 71.2, 8.9 +/- 3.2, and 8.7 +/- 1.3, respectively; P= 0.124), problem solving (132.2 +/- 15.4, 131.2 +/- 16.2, and 132.1 +/- 17.4, respectively; P=0.454), and conflict resolution skills (112.3 +/- 14.6, 109.7 +/- 12.8, and 110.2 +/- 11.4, respectively; P = 0.07). The study group in comparison with first and second control group had significantly better post-test results in scientific thinking (13.9 +/- 3.5, 9.5 +/- 2.2, and 9.1 +/- 2.7, respectively), problem solving (125.5 +/- 12.6, 130.1 +/- 11.2, and 131.1 +/- 15.4, respectively), and conflict resolution skills (125.4 +/- 12.7, 110.9 +/- 23.7, and 111.6 +/- 23.6, respectively) (P < 0.001 for all). The skills of the two control groups did not improve in this time period and their post-test scores were not significantly different. Conclusion Problem-based learning curricula may positively affect some of the self-directed skills, such as scientific thinking, problem solving, and conflict resolution skills of students, even in a short period of time.
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    Which anthropometric measurements is most closely related to elevated blood pressure?
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2005) Yalcin, BM; Sahin, EM; Yalcin, E
    Background. Epidemiological studies find a progressive increase in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure with increasing adipose tissue. But there is no common opinion about which effectiveness of the anthropometric measurement tools indicating general or android obesity are most important to follow up in patients with elevated blood pressures. Objectives. To identify which anthropometric measurements are most closely related to blood pressure elevation. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study of 1727 subjects [894 (50.6%) men and 833 (48.2%) women, aged 18-65 years old] was held in Edirne, Turkey. Each subject's weight, height, waist and hip circumference, triceps skin fold and blood pressures was measured; waist to hip ratio and body mass index were calculated. The relations between blood pressure and different anthropometric variables in both genders were investigated in linear regression models. Results. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 123.49 +/- 17.60 and 78.79 +/- 10.37 mmHg. According to body mass index 23.7% of the subjects were obese (.29.9 kg/m(2)). When waist circumference cut-off points were compared with waist to hip ratio the android obesity ratio was doubled (32.3% versus 16.6%). 119 subjects (6.8%) were not obese according to body mass index but nonetheless had waist circumference measurements above the cut-off points suggesting a high cardiovascular risk. In the linear regression models waist circumference was found to be an independent risk factor for blood pressure in men; however body mass was more important index and waist circumference somewhat less so for women. Conclusion. In primary care waist circumference should be a useful tool screening for and following android obesity in patients with elevated blood pressure.