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    Premedication with gabapentin
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007) Turan, Alparslan; White, Paul F.; Karamanlioglu, Beyhan; Pamukcu, Zafer
    BACKGROUND: Gabapentin, an oral non-opioid analgesic, has been used to decrease pain after a variety of surgical procedures. We hypothesized that premedication with gabapentin would minimize tourniquet-related pain in patients receiving IV regional anesthesia (IVRA). METHODS: Patients undergoing elective hand surgery with IVRA were randomly assigned to one of two study groups using a double-blind study design. The control group (n = 20) received placebo capsules I h before the surgery, and the, gabapentin group (n = 20) received gabapentin 1.2 g p.o. before the operation. IVRA was achieved in all patients with lidocaine, 3 mg/kg, diluted with saline to a total volume of 40 mL. Fentanyl, 0.5 mu g/kg TV, was administered as a rescue analgesic during surgery. Sensory and motor block onset and recovery times, tourniquet pain, and quality of anesthesia were assessed at specific time intervals during the perioperative period. Visual analog scale pain scores (0-10) were recorded during the 24 h follow-up period, and patients received diclofenac, 75 mg M, if their pain score was > 4. RESULTS: The onset of the sensory and motor block did not differ between the two study groups. However, tourniquet pain scores at 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after cuff inflation were lower in the gabapentin group (P < 0.05). The time to intraoperative analgesic rescue was prolonged in the gabapentin group (35 +/- 10 min vs 21 +/- 13 min, P < 0.05), and less supplemental fentanyl was required (35 +/- 47 mu g vs 83 73 mu g, P < 0.05). The quality of anesthesia, as independently assessed by the anesthesiologist and the surgeon, was significantly better in the gabapentin (versus control) group. In the gabapentin group, the time to requesting a rescue analgesic after surgery was prolonged (135 +/- 25 min vs 85 +/- 19 min, P < 0.05), and postoperative pain scores at 60 min (3.8 +/- 0.9 vs 2.2 +/- 0.5) and 120 min (3.2 +/- 1.4 vs 1.8 +/- 0.8), as well as diclofenac consumption (30 +/- 38 mg vs 60 +/- 63 mg), were reduced after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with oral gabapentin (1.2 g) decreased tourniquet-related pain and improved the quality of anesthesia during hand surgery under IVRA. Gabapentin also reduced pain scores in the early postoperative period.
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    Transdermal nicotine patch failed to improve postoperative pain management
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008) Turan, Alparslan; White, Paul F.; Koyuncu, Onur; Karamanlioolu, Beyhan; Kaya, Gaye; Apfel, Christian C.
    BACKGROUND: A single 3 mg intranasal dose of nicotine has been reported to have analgesic properties. We designed placebo-controlled study to test the hypothesis that transdermal nicotine (TDN) administered over a 3-day period would decrease postoperative pain and opioid analgesic usage and improve the recovery process after lower abdominal surgery. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy procedures were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: (1) control group received inert (sham) patches 1 h before and for 2 days after surgery, or the (2) nicotine group received TDN 30 (21 mg nicotine) patches I h before induction of anesthesia and for two additional days after surgery. The anesthetic technique was identical in both groups, and the postoperative assessments included verbal rating scales for pain and sedation, IV patient-controlled analgesia morphine usage, quality of recovery assessment, recovery of bowel function, resumption of normal activities, and patient satisfaction with their pain management. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 1 and 3 mo after the operation to assess late recovery events. RESULTS: Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia morphine usage and pain scores while supine or sitting up, intraoperative fentanyl use, oral analgesic consumption, return of bowel Sounds, and passage of flatus did not differ between the two groups. Although ambulation and hospitalization times, as well as, quality of recovery scores, did not differ, resumption of oral intake was delayed in the nicotine group. Discharge eligibility scores were higher in the nicotine group at 48 and 72 h compared with the control group, but the time to return to work was 19 days in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative administration of high-close TDN patch did not improve postoperative pain control or decrease the analgesic requirement after pelvic gynecological surgery. Despite delayed resumption of oral intake, more patients in the nicotine group were ready for discharge at 48 and 72 h after surgery. However, times to resuming activities of daily living were similar in both groups.