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    CTX-M Type Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamases in Escherichia coli Isolates From Community Acquired Upper Urinary Tract Infections at a University in the European Part of Turkey
    (Scientific Communications Int Ltd, 2010) Celik, Aygul Dogan; Yulugkural, Zerrin; Kuloglu, Figen; Eroglu, Cafer; Torol, Sinem; Vahaboglu, Haluk; Akata, Filiz
    Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has been an emerging etiologic agent in the community acquired infections. We investigated the occurrence of ESBL producing E. coli isolated from patients admitted with community acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) to the hospital of the Trakya University, Turkey during 2006. Eleven single patient isolates of E. coli harboring ESBL were identified among 30 E. coli isolated from patients admitted with symptoms corresponding to upper UTI. CTX-M type ESBLs were detected in all 11 ESBL-producers by isoelectric focusing and polymerase chain reaction screening. Sequence analysis revealed CTX-M-1 in one isolate, CTX-M-3 in three isolates and CTX-M-15 in seven isolates. ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from community acquired UTIs are widespread in the European parr of Turkey.
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    Investigation of Carbapenemase Genes and Clonal Relationship in Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains
    (Bezmialem Vakif Univ, 2019) Samasti, Mustafa; Kocoglu, Mucahide Esra; Davarci, Ismail; Vahaboglu, Haluk; Caskurlu, Hulya
    Objective: Resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from health-related infections are a worldwide problem. Increasing Frequency of infections particularly caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing expanded spectrum beta lactamase, leads to the use of more carbapenem group antibiotics which, in turn, leads to bacterial resistance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumaniae (K. pneumoniae) isolates, the mechanisms causing this resistance and the clonal relationship between these isolates. Methods: Ninety-one K. pneurnolliae strains isolated from clinical samples obtained in our laboratory were included to the study. The identification of the bacteria was performed with Matriks assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (bioMerieux, Marcy-I'Etoile, France) and antimicrobial susceptibility with VITEK-2 (bioMerieux), and the carhapenem resistance was confirmed by ertapenem E-test (bioMerieux). Reverse transcription polymerise chain reaction method was used for the investigation of genes causing carbapenemase production (bla(OXA-)(48), bla(NDM-1), bla(KPC), bla(IMP), bla(VIM-1)). The clonal relationship between isolates was investigated by pulsed-field jel elektroforez. Results: In carbapenem resistant isolates, bla(OXA-)(48) positivity was found to be 55 % , bla(NDM-1) positivity 37.4%, bla(KPC) and bla(VIM-1) positivity 1.1%. A total of 10 isolates was identified with different resistance genes. In 73 of the isolates included in the study, the clonal relationship was examined, and 16 different groups were identified. Twenty isolates were not clonally associated with any other isolates. The most common resistance mechanism causing the carbapenem resistance was bia(OXA-48) gene that is known to be endemic in Turkey. Conclusion: As a result, the carbapenem resistance that we found as 3.13% in our study is similar to the rates obtained in other studies performed in our country which indicates that this resistance is not at a high level yet in our country. However, the ability of carbapenem resistance genes to spread between strains can he a major problem in the near future. Molecular methods arc gold standard in carbapenemase detection, but because of having high cost they can not be used in laboratories routinely. Modified Hodge test or carbapenemase inactivation test are alternative tests with low costs that can be used in the determination of carbapenemase.