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    Assessment of the effects of COVID-19 lockdown period on groundwater quality of a significant rice land in an urban area of Turkiye
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Tokatli, Cem; Titiz, Ahmet Mirac; Ugurluoglu, Alper; Islam, Md. Saiful; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul
    In the current research, the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on groundwater quality of Lower Meric Plain (Thrace Region of Turkiye) was evaluated. Some significant nutrient characteristics (NO3-, NO2-, and PO43-), salinity characteristics (EC, TDS, and salinity), and physical characteristics (temperature, DO, pH, and turbidity) were investigated in groundwater samples collected from 45 sampling points in pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. Water quality index (WQI) and nutrient pollution index (NPI), Pearson correlation index (PCI), cluster analysis (CA), one-way ANOVA test (OWAT), and factor analysis (FA) were applied to assess ecological risk. Excluding recorded statistical differences in temperature and DO due to climatic conditions (p < 0.05), levels of all the investigated water quality parameters show no statistically significant differences and no significant reduction in pollutants measured in the lockdown period. On the contrary, the WQI and NPI scores have increased between the rates of 4.76-27.10% during the lockdown period. In the lockdown period, although the reduction of industry or limited production of many industrial facilities reduced the inorganic contaminant releases to the environment, ongoing agricultural activities and domestic wastes caused to prevent the reduction of organic pollutants in groundwater of the region during the lockdown period.
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    ASSESSMENT OF WATER CONTAMINATION IN FLUVIAL ECOSYSTEMS OF THE THRACE REGION (TURKEY) BY MEANS OF WATER QUALITY INDEX AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego Hugona Kollataja Krakowie, 2020) Tokatli, Cem; Ugurluoglu, Alper
    Aim of the study Thrace Region is the most important geographical region of Turkey in terms of agricultural and industrial production. Meric - Ergene River Basin is the main watershed of this significant region and there are many streams feeding the basin. In the current research, water quality in the fluvial ecosystems of the Thrace Region was evaluated by using some ecological and statistical indicators. Material and methods For each water sample, 27 physical and chemical limnological parameters (EC, TDS, turbidity, NO3, NO2, SO4, F, COD, BOD5, As, Se, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, B, Na, Mg, Cr, Mn, Al, K, Ca, Fe, Ni) were analysed and all the investigated parameter values were used to develop the Water Quality Index (WQI). Furthermore, Cluster Analysis (CA) was applied to detected data in order to classify the investigated locations and also Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to provide a visual summary of contamination levels in the basin components. Results and conclusions The results show quite high WQI coefficients of COD (20.773), Se (9.667) and BOD5 (9.216) parameters in fluvial components of the Thrace Region. The WQI values of the fluvial habitats of the Thrace Region ranged from 33.91 - 329.84, whereas the Corlu Stream and the Ergene River were determined to be the most contaminated fluvial ecosystems. According to the results of applied CA, 2 statistically significant clusters were formed, which were classified as High Contaminated Zones and Low Contaminated Zones.
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    Ecological risk assessment of toxic metal contamination in a significant mining basin in Turkey
    (Springer, 2021) Tokatli, Cem; Ugurluoglu, Alper; Kose, Esengul; Cicek, Arzu; Arslan, Naime; Dayioglu, Hayri; Emiroglu, Ozgur
    Emet River Basin is a worldwide significant mining area and contains the most important boron and chromium deposits of Turkey. In this study, water and sediment quality of Emet River Basin was evaluated using some toxic element risk assessment indices. Samples were collected seasonally from 8 locations and nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) accumulations in water and sediment were analysed using an ICP-OES. Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) and Degree of Contamination Index (C-deg) were applied to the data for assessing the water quality and Biological Risk Index (BRI), Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI), Geo-Accumulation Index (I-geo), Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were applied to the data for assessing the sediment quality. According to the results of WQI, HPI, HEI and C-deg, As and Cr were recorded as the most dangerous toxicants; according to the results of BRI, I-geo, CF and PLI, Cd, As and Pb were recorded as the most dangerous toxicants; and according to the results of PERI, Ni and Cr were recorded as the most dangerous toxicants among the investigated elements. The seasonal average values of applied ecological indices for the water of the basin ranged 71.41-888.29 for WQI, 85.97-915.76 for HPI, 4.04-49.80 for HEI and - 2.95-42.80 for C-deg. The seasonal average values of applied ecological indices for the sediment of the basin ranged 33.72-130.56 for PERI, 0.14-0.93 for BRI, - 3.92-5.99 for I-geo and 0.45-1.20 for PLI. In addition to the intensive agricultural applications around the region, the geological structure of the watershed was considered as the main cause of the high heavy metal accumulations in basin waters and sediments.
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    Ecotoxicological evaluation of organic contamination in the world's two significant gateways to the Black Sea using GIS techniques: Turkish Straits
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Tokatli, Cem; Ugurluoglu, Alper; Muhammad, Said
    This study was carried out to determine the spatial-temporal distributions of limnological parameters of Canakkale Strait (CS) and.Istanbul Strait (.IS), Turkiye. Fluvial (n = 11) and lacustrine (n = 4) habitats water samples were collected in the dry and rainy seasons of 2022-2023. Among limnological parameters, the highest mean electrical conductivity values of 6063 mu S/cm were noted in the.IS basin during the rainy season and the lowest was 0.04 mg/L for nitrite in the CS basin. Generally, the levels of organic contaminants and ecological risk indices were as follows: rivers of.IS > rivers of CS > Alibey Dam Lake (.IS) > Atikhisar Dam Lake (CS). The highest non-carcinogenic health risks of 0.88 were noted for children in the CS basin during the dry season and the lowest of <0.01 in Atikhisar Dam Lake during the rainy season. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to data to categorize investigated ecosystems and sources apportionment of contaminants and geospatial distribution.
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    The Effects of Large Borate Deposits on Groundwater Quality
    (Hard, 2013) Cicek, Arzu; Bakis, Recep; Ugurluoglu, Alper; Kose, Esengul; Tokatli, Cem
    Seydisuyu Basin, which contains very important agricultural areas and boron deposits of Turkey, is located in Eskisehir province. In this paper, the groundwater quality of Seydisuyu Basin was evaluated by using some physiochemical (temperature, conductivity, salinity, and demanded oxygen) and chemical (boron and arsenic) parameters. Groundwater samples were collected seasonally (2011-12) from 14 wells from the Seydisuyu Basin and all of the data obtained experimentally were compared with national and international drinking and usage water standards. Also, cluster analysis (CA) was applied to the results to classify the stations according to the contents of arsenic and boron levels by using the Past package program, factor analysis (FA) was applied to the results to classify the affective factors on groundwater quality, and Pearson Correlation Index was applied to the results to determine the relations of parameters by using the SPSS 17 package program. According to data, arsenic and boron accumulations of wells were higher than the drinking water limits specified by the Turkish Standards Institute (TS266), European Communities (EC), and World Health Organization (WHO) Drinking Water Standards. According to the results of FA, three effective factors that explain 76.36% of the total variance was detected and arsenic-boron contents of groundwater were positively loaded with the second factor, named as Boron Works and Environmental Factor?' According to results of CA identified by using arsenic and boron accumulations, station 1, which was the closest well to the boron facility, showed the highest distance and lowest similarity with the other stations.
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    USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) TO EVALUATE THE WATER QUALITY OF GALA LAKE (EDIRNE)
    (Yildiz Technical Univ, 2014) Tokatli, Cem; Kose, Esengul; Ugurluoglu, Alper; Cicek, Arzu; Emiroglu, Ozgur
    Gala Lake National Park is one of the most important wetland ecosystems not only for Turkey but also for the globe. But as similar to many wet lands, Gala Lake is under effect of an intensive organic and inorganic pollution originated from agricultural activities conducted around the lake and from industrial discharges by means of Ergene River. The aim of this study was to assess the water quality of Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal by investigating some lymnological parameters (temperature, oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, fluoride, COD, TOC and BOD) and to apply the Geographic Information System (GIS) in order to make a visual explanation by presenting distribution maps of investigated parameters. According to results of the present study, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds of the system were in quite high levels and nitrite nitrogen was found to be the highest risk factor in water of Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal.