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    A comparative analysis study of alternative energy sources for automobiles
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2015) Ugurlu, Adem; Oztuna, Semiha
    Depletion of oil resources and some environmental factors have been pushing automobile makers and the scientific communities to study on the use of alternative energy sources in automobiles. In this respect, some energy sources will come to the forefront with some advantages while some others not. To determine which alternative energy source is suitable for automobiles in terms of the existing conditions is a very important issue. It is necessary to know the characteristics of these energy types and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages to make this determination. In this study, a comparative analysis is performed for fuels such as LPG, CNG, hydrogen, biodiesel, ethanol and methanol, which could be used as an alternative to gasoline and diesel, and electric, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles. According to the comparison, LPG and CNG are best alternative fuels for economical reasons, while electric and fuel cell vehicles stand out as their emission advantages. Also, hydrogen can be considered as a key fuel due to its usage as an energy source for both internal combustion engines and fuel cell vehicles. Copyright (C) 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    How liquid hydrogen production methods affect emissions in liquid hydrogen powered vehicles?
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Ugurlu, Adem; Oztuna, Semiha
    Emissions variations of liquid hydrogen (LH2) production methods in liquid hydrogen powered vehicles are investigated in this study. Volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matters (PM10 & PM2.5), sulfur oxides (SOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which are on well-to-wheel (WTW) basis, are evaluated for 2013 model year's cars in the target year of 2018. GREET software is utilized for the emissions. When the average values of all emissions are compared, hydrogen production by the solar power, nuclear, and electrolysis methods have the lowest emissions, respectively, and hydrogen production by coal and electricity methods have the highest emissions, respectively. On the other hand, it is found that in all emission types and hydrogen production methods, fuel cell vehicles (FCV) emit less emission than spark ignition hybrid electric vehicles (SI HEV) and SI HEVs emit less emission than spark ignition internal combustion engine vehicles (SI ICEV). Emissions decrease by 22.4% in SI HEVs compared to SI ICEVs, 35.1% in FCVs compared to SI HEVs, and 49.6% in FCVs compared to SI ICEVs for average of all emissions. (c) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.