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Öğe The Etiology and Clinical Features of Non-CAH Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty: A Multicenter Study(Endocrine Soc, 2016) Atay, Zeynep; Yesilkaya, Ediz; Erdeve, Senay Savas; Turan, Serap; Akin, Leyla; Eren, Erdal; Doger, EsraAim: The causes of gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty are diverse, and often have overlapping clinical and biochemical features. With the exception of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), disorders that cause gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP) are uncommon. The literature is devoid of any large-scale studies on the etiologic distribution of GIPP. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of each etiology in a cohort of patients with GIPP (excluding those with CAH), and to evaluate the clinical and laboratory features of these patients. Materials and Methods: This multicenter, nationwide web-based study collected data on patients who presented with non-CAH GIPP in Turkey. Results: Data were collected for 129 patients (102 girls and 27 boys) from 29 centers. Based on the data collected, the estimated prevalence of non-CAH GIPP in the studied population was 14 in 1 000 000 children. Functional ovarian cyst was the most common etiology, accounting for 37% of all cases, followed by McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) (26%). Among the patients with MAS, 11.7% had fibrous dysplasia, 32.3% had caf-au-lait spots, and 52.9% had both. Human chorionic gonadotrophin-secreting tumors included choriocarcinoma of the liver, hepatoblastoma, and germ cell tumors of the sellar-suprasellar region and mediastinum. Patients with adrenocortical tumors presented at an earlier age than those with other etiologies. Ovarian tumors included mature cystic teratoma, dysgerminoma, juvenile granulosa tumor, and steroid cell tumor. Despite overlapping features, it was possible to identify some unique clinical and laboratory features associated with each etiology. Conclusion: This largest cohort of patients with non-CAH GIPP to date yielded an estimation of the frequency of non-CAH GIPP in the general pediatric population and showed that girls were affected at a rate 4-fold greater than that of boys owing to functional ovarian cysts and MAS, which were the two most common etiologies. The data collected also provided some unique characteristics associated with each etiology.Öğe Evaluation and Treatment Results of Ovarian Cysts in Childhood and Adolescence: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study of 100 Patients(Elsevier Science Inc, 2017) Aydin, Banu Kucukemre; Saka, Nurcin; Bas, Firdevs; Yilmaz, Yasin; Haliloglu, Belma; Guran, Tulay; Turan, SerapStudy Objective: To investigate the characteristics of children with ovarian cysts and evaluate treatment strategies. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Eight pediatric endocrinology clinics, Turkey. Participants: A total of 100 children and adolescents with ovarian cysts. Interventions: Patient data collected via retrospective chart review. Patients were stratified according to age into 4 groups (newborns, 1-12 months, 1-8 years, and 8-18 years). Main Outcome Measures: Special emphasis was given to torsion and tumor cases, concomitant diseases, treatment modalities, and problems during follow-up. Results: Most newborns and infants were asymptomatic with the cysts being discovered incidentally; in girls ages 1-8, symptoms were common, including breast budding (47.1%, 16 of 34) and vaginal bleeding (29.4%, 10 of 34). Girls older than 8 years mostly presented with abdominal pain (31.6%, 12 of 38) and menstrual irregularity (21.1%, 8 of 38). Most of our patients were diagnosed with a simple ovarian cyst, but 9 patients were found to have ovarian tumors. Ovarian torsion was detected in 7 patients; 5 with large and 2 with small cysts (! 20 mm). Two patients had central precocious puberty (CPP) at presentation and 5 patients developed CPP during follow-up. The surgical intervention rate was high (38%, 38 of 100), but was associated with earlier treatment year, and this association remained significant after adjusting for confounders (P = .035). Conclusion: Most girls have simple cysts, which have a favorable prognosis without intervention; however, there might be coexisting pathologies or complications such as tumors, torsion, and CPP; hence these patients should be evaluated accordingly and treated with a multidisciplinary approach.Öğe Nationwide Hypophosphatemic Rickets Study(Karger, 2018) Siklar, Zeynep; Turan, Serap; Bereket, Abdullah; Abaci, Ayhan; Bas, Firdevs; Demir, Korcan; Guran, Tulay[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Nationwide Turkish Cohort Study of Hypophosphatemic Rickets(Galenos Yayincilik, 2020) Siklar, Zeynep; Turan, Serap; Bereket, Abdullah; Bas, Firdevs; Guran, Tulay; Akberzade, Azad; Abaci, AyhanObjective: Hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) is a rare renal phosphate-wasting disorder, which is usually X-linked and is commonly caused by PHEX mutations. The treatment and follow-up of HR is challenging due to imperfect treatment options. Methods: Here we present nationwide initial and follow-up data on HR. Results: From 24 centers, 166 patients were included in the study. Genetic analysis (n = 75) showed PHEX mutation in 80% of patients. The mean follow-up period was 6.7 +/- 2.4 years. During the first 3-years of treatment (n = 91), mild increase in phosphate, decrease in alkaline phosphatase and elevation in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were detected. The height standard deviation scores were -2.38, -2.77, -2.72, -2.47 at initial, 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of treatment, respectively (p > 0.05). On follow-up 36% of the patients showed complete or significant improvement in leg deformities and these patients had similar phosphate levels at presentation with better levels in 1st and 2nd years of treatment; even the treatment doses of phosphate were similar. Furthermore, 27 patients developed nephrocalcinosis (NC), the patients showed no difference in biochemical differences at presentation and follow-up, but 3rd year Pill was higher. However, higher treatment doses of phosphate and calcitriol were Found in the NC group. Conclusion: HR treatment and follow-up is challenging and our results showed higher treatment doses were associated with NC without any change in serum phosphate levels, suggesting that giving higher doses led to increased phosphaturia, probably through stimulation of fibroblast growth factor 23. However, higher calcitriol doses could improve bone deformities. Safer and more efficacious therapies are needed.