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Öğe APPLICATION OF FACTOR ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE THE TRACE AND TOXIC METAL CONTENTS OF FISHES LIVING IN MERIC RIVER DELTA (THRACE REGION, TURKEY)(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2018) Tokatli, CemMeric River Delta is located on the Edirne Province of Turkey and has an international importance. Gala and Sigirci Lakes, which are the main lentic factors of the system, are located in the Meric River Delta. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the some macro and micro element concentrations in fishes of Gala and Sigirci Lakes from a statistical perspective by using Pearson Correlation Index (PCI) and Factor Analysis. For this purpose, sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) bioaccumulation levels in muscle, gill and liver tissues of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758), Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758), Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 living in both lakes were investigated and detected data were evaluated by using PCI and FA in order to determine the associated contaminants and effective factors on the biotic components of the basin. According to the results of PCI, significant correlations were recorded among the investigated elements at 0.05 and 0.01 significance levels. According to the results of FA, 3 factors, which were named as Nutrient factor, Agricultural factor and Industrial factor, explained 79% of the total variance.Öğe APPLICATION OF WATER QUALITY INDEX FOR DRINKING PURPOSES IN DAM LAKES: A CASE STUDY OF THRACE REGION(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2020) Tokatli, CemThrace Region is located in the north - west part of Marmara Region of Turkey and has very large agricultural lands because of contained quite rich soil and many freshwater resources. Altinyazi, Karaidemir, Kayalikoy, Sultankoy and Suloglu Dam Lakes are located in Thrace Region and they were constructed by DSI (State Water Works) in order to provide irrigation and drinking water and flood protection. The aim of this study was to determine a total of 25 essential and toxic element accumulations in water of these significant reservoirs (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl and Pb) and apply the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) in order to evaluate the water quality in terms of drinking purposes. Cluster Analysis (CA) was also used to classify the investigated elements and stations in terms of similar characteristics. Water samples were collected in spring season (rainy) of 2018 from 15 stations and element accumulations were investigated by using an ICP-MS. According to results of elemental CA, 4 statistically significant clusters were formed in terms of similar elemental densities, which were named as most intense elements, high-moderate intense elements, low-moderate intense elements and rarest elements. According to results of locational CA, 2 statistically significant clusters were formed in terms of similar water quality characteristics, which were named as more polluted locations and less polluted locations. According to the results of WAWQI, the reservoirs has A grade water quality and the values of overall WAWQI were within the permissible limits (<100). But the Qi values of selenium were found as over the permissible limits and the risk sequence of the elements in water of the reservoirs as follows: Se > As > Cr > B > Mo > Ba > Ni > Pb > Cd > Mn > Cu in general.Öğe ASSESSING WATER QUALITY OF BOYALI DAM LAKE (SINOP, TURKEY) BY USING ECOLOGICAL AND STATISTICAL INDICATORS(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego Hugona Kollataja Krakowie, 2021) Mutlu, Ekrem; Arslan, Naime; Tokatli, CemAim of the study In the present study, the spatial-temporal variations of water quality in Boyali Pond were analyzed. Water Quality Index (WQI) based on the World Health Organization's standards specified for drinking water and Water Quality Control Regulations in Turkey (WQCR), as well as certain multi-statistical methods, were used in analyzing the water quality. Material and methods Water samples were collected from 5 stations selected in the lake on monthly basis in 2019 and 30 water quality parameters were measured in total. Water Quality Index (WQI), Factor Analysis (FA), and Cluster Analysis (CA) were used in order to determine the differences between the spatial and temporal quality levels and to classify the investigated locations. Results and conclusions According to data observed, Boyali Dam Lake was found to have Class I and Class II water quality. In general, the WQI results obtained suggested that, although the water quality was found to significantly decrease in summer months, the reservoir was found to have an A Grade - Excellent water quality (< 50) in all the months and stations analyzed here. WQI values recorded in the dam lake ranged between 16.4 and 27.8 and the detected limnologic parameters did not exceed the standards specified for drinking water in any of the investigated months and stations (< 50 for WQI). As a result of FA, 3 factors explained 88.9% of total variances and as a result of CA, 2 statistical clusters were formed.Öğe Assessment of Ecologic Quality in Terms of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediment and Fish on Sakarya River and Dam Lakes, Turkey(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Kose, Esengul; Emiroglu, Ozgur; Cicek, Arzu; Aksu, Sadi; Baskurt, Sercan; Tokatli, Cem; Sahin, MerveSakarya River with a length of 824 km is one of the most important lothic ecosystems of Turkey. Sariyar, Gokcekaya and Yenice Dams were constructed on the Sararya River for the purpose of electric supply and utility water for agricultural and fishery activities. In this study, sediment samples were collected from 14 stations selected on areas seasonally (2015-2016). Also, cyprinidae species (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), Capoeta baliki) (Turan, 21 Kottelat, Ekmekci & Imamoglu 2006) were caught from Dam Lakes and Sakarya River. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb levels in sediment samples and in tissues (liver, gill and muscle) of fish were analyzed in samples by Analytic Jena ContrAA 700 (high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometer). The data observed were evaluated with national and international quality criteria. According to the data in the study results, heavy metal accumulations in the gill and liver of fish were determined higher than muscle. Zn levels in muscle of C. gibelio caught from Yenice Dam Lake were higher than the permissible limit stated by Turkish legislation and FAO. Also, Cr and Ni levels in sediment samples especially during rainy seasons were higher to dry seasons and Cr and Ni levels were detected higher than sediment quality guidelines.Öğe Assessment of Spatial - Temporal Variations in Freshwater Pollution by Means of Water Quality Index: A Case Study of Hasanaga Stream Basin (Edirne, Turkey)(Istanbul Univ Press, Fac Aquatic Sciences, 2021) Tokatli, CemIn this research, spatial - temporal variations of water quality in the fluvial components of the Hasanaga Stream Basin were evaluated by using the Water Quality Index. Surface water samples were taken from seven stations selected on the basin in the winter seasons of 2019 and 2020. Eleven variables including dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, turbidity, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulphate were measured in freshwater samples. The Water Quality Index (WQI) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were applied to the detected data in order to determine the differences among the spatial - temporal contamination levels and classify the investigated locations according to their similar water quality characteristics. According to the detected data, the water of the Hasanaga Stream Basin has 1. - 2. Class quality in 2019 and 2. - 3. in 2020, in general. According to the results of WQI, although it was determined that the water quality decreased significantly in 2020, the basin was found to be of A Grade - Excellent water quality (<50) in both 2019 and 2020. According to the results of the CA, 3 statistical clusters were formed and they were named as less polluted zone, moderate polluted zone and more polluted zone.Öğe Assessment of the effects of COVID-19 lockdown period on groundwater quality of a significant rice land in an urban area of Turkiye(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Tokatli, Cem; Titiz, Ahmet Mirac; Ugurluoglu, Alper; Islam, Md. Saiful; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Islam, Abu Reza Md. TowfiqulIn the current research, the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on groundwater quality of Lower Meric Plain (Thrace Region of Turkiye) was evaluated. Some significant nutrient characteristics (NO3-, NO2-, and PO43-), salinity characteristics (EC, TDS, and salinity), and physical characteristics (temperature, DO, pH, and turbidity) were investigated in groundwater samples collected from 45 sampling points in pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. Water quality index (WQI) and nutrient pollution index (NPI), Pearson correlation index (PCI), cluster analysis (CA), one-way ANOVA test (OWAT), and factor analysis (FA) were applied to assess ecological risk. Excluding recorded statistical differences in temperature and DO due to climatic conditions (p < 0.05), levels of all the investigated water quality parameters show no statistically significant differences and no significant reduction in pollutants measured in the lockdown period. On the contrary, the WQI and NPI scores have increased between the rates of 4.76-27.10% during the lockdown period. In the lockdown period, although the reduction of industry or limited production of many industrial facilities reduced the inorganic contaminant releases to the environment, ongoing agricultural activities and domestic wastes caused to prevent the reduction of organic pollutants in groundwater of the region during the lockdown period.Öğe Assessment of the Effects of Large Borate Deposits on Surface Water Quality by Multi Statistical Approaches: A Case Study of Seydisuyu Stream (Turkey)(Hard, 2014) Tokatli, Cem; Kose, Esengul; Cicek, ArzuIn the present study, water quality of Seydisuyu Stream Basin were investigated by determining temperature, conductivity, salinity, TDS (total dissolved solid), pH, ORP (oxidation-reduction potential), dissolved oxygen, nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), orthophosphate (PO4), sulphate (SO4), COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biological oxygen demand), calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, arsenic, and boron parameters seasonally in 2012 at 15 stations. All the data obtained were compared with SKKY (Water Pollution Control Regulation in Turkey) and evaluated as drinking water according to the criteria of TS266 (Turkish Standards Institute), EC (European Communities), and WHO (World Health Organization). Some mono (one-way ANOVA test, Pearson Correlation Index) and multi (factor and cluster analysis) statistical techniques were used to evaluate the data properly. Also, the ArcGIS package program was used to make distribution maps of arsenic and boron in order to provide visual summaries of these elements' accumulation in the basin. According to the results of FA, four factors named as Nutrient, Agricultural, Boron, and pH explained 77.4% of the total variance, and according to the results of CA, three statistically significant clusters, named Low, Moderate, and High polluted areas were formed. In a macroscopic point of view, Seydisuyu Stream Basin has class IV water quality in terms of boron; downstream of the basin has class II, upstream has class III water quality in terms of arsenic. It was also determined that arsenic and boron concentrations in Seydisuyu Stream Basin water were much higher than the drinking water limits.Öğe Assessment of the potentially toxic element contamination in water of Sehriban Stream (Black Sea Region, Turkey) by using statistical and ecological indicators(Wiley, 2021) Tokatli, Cem; Mutlu, Ekrem; Arslan, NaimeIn the present study, the spatial-temporal variations of iron, lead, copper, cadmium, mercury, nickel, and zinc accumulations in the water of Sehriban Stream (northern Turkey) were investigated. Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), Pearson Correlation Index (PCI), and Factor Analysis (FA) were used in analyzing the water quality. Sampling was performed in 12 stations on monthly basis between February 2019 and January 2020 (a hydrological year). The data showed that the Sehriban Stream had significantly high water quality characteristics and the investigated toxicants were not found as dangerous for health. Although there was a slight decrease in the water quality from upstream to downstream, the stream was found to have 1st class water quality in general. As a result of WQI and HEI, although it was determined that the water quality decreased slightly in autumn, the stream was found to be A Grade - Excellent (<50) and Low Contamination (<10), respectively. As a result of PCI, strong positive correlations were found between almost all the toxicants investigated here (p < 0.01). As a result of FA, 2 factors (Agriculture - Forestry and Rock Structure) explained 86% of the total variance.Öğe ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC METALS IN SEDIMENTS OF MERIC, TUNCA AND ERGENE RIVERS BY USING BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RISK INDICES(Central Bohemia Univ, 2016) Tokatli, Cem; Bastatli, YasinThe Meric River, the longest river of the Balkans, is the most important aquatic ecosystem within the Thrace Region of Turkey, along with its main tributaries, the Tunca and Ergene Rivers. In this study, the sediment quality of Meric, Tunca, and Ergene Rivers was evaluated by using the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) and the Biological Risk Index (mERM-Q), both widely used methods in sediment quality assessment studies, to assess the ecological and biological risks of heavy metals within the river ecosystems. According to the results of the Biological Risk Index, nickel and chromium displayed the highest risk factors, and in terms of the Potential Ecological Risk Index, cadmium yielded the highest risk factor across all the investigated lotic ecosystems.Öğe ASSESSMENT OF WATER CONTAMINATION IN FLUVIAL ECOSYSTEMS OF THE THRACE REGION (TURKEY) BY MEANS OF WATER QUALITY INDEX AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego Hugona Kollataja Krakowie, 2020) Tokatli, Cem; Ugurluoglu, AlperAim of the study Thrace Region is the most important geographical region of Turkey in terms of agricultural and industrial production. Meric - Ergene River Basin is the main watershed of this significant region and there are many streams feeding the basin. In the current research, water quality in the fluvial ecosystems of the Thrace Region was evaluated by using some ecological and statistical indicators. Material and methods For each water sample, 27 physical and chemical limnological parameters (EC, TDS, turbidity, NO3, NO2, SO4, F, COD, BOD5, As, Se, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, B, Na, Mg, Cr, Mn, Al, K, Ca, Fe, Ni) were analysed and all the investigated parameter values were used to develop the Water Quality Index (WQI). Furthermore, Cluster Analysis (CA) was applied to detected data in order to classify the investigated locations and also Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to provide a visual summary of contamination levels in the basin components. Results and conclusions The results show quite high WQI coefficients of COD (20.773), Se (9.667) and BOD5 (9.216) parameters in fluvial components of the Thrace Region. The WQI values of the fluvial habitats of the Thrace Region ranged from 33.91 - 329.84, whereas the Corlu Stream and the Ergene River were determined to be the most contaminated fluvial ecosystems. According to the results of applied CA, 2 statistically significant clusters were formed, which were classified as High Contaminated Zones and Low Contaminated Zones.Öğe Assessment of Water Quality in the Meric River as an Ecosystem Element in Turkey's Thrace Region(Hard, 2015) Tokatli, CemThe Meric River is the most important aquatic ecosystem in the Thrace Region of Turkey and the longest river of the Balkans. In the present study, water quality of the Meric River in the rainy season was investigated and the pressure of the Tunca and Ergene rivers on the system was evaluated by a statistical approach using cluster analysis (CA). Water samples were collected from five stations (two of them from the downstream the Tuna and Ergene and three from the Meric) in spring 2015. A total of 19 physical, chemical, and biological water quality parameters - including temperature, dissolved oxygen, percentage of oxygen saturation, pH, conductivity, TDS, salinity, turbidity, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total carbon, total inorganic carbon, total organic carbon, and cyanide - were measured. According to detected data, pollution levels of the investigated rivers were as follows; Ergene River > Tunca > Meric Rivet It was also determined that the Ergene and Tunca reduce the water quality of the Meric significantly after they fall. And also according to the results of CA, three statistically significant clusters were formed, which corresponded to the Ergene (Cluster 1); upstream and midstream of the Meric (Cluster 2), and downstream of the Meric and Tunca (Cluster 3).Öğe Bioecological and statistical risk assessment of toxic metals in sediments of a worldwide important wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey)(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Inst Environ Eng Pas, 2017) Tokatli, CemGala Lake National Park that has an international importance is one of the most important wetland ecosystems for Turkey. As same as many aquatic habitats, Gala Lake is under a significant anthropogenic pressure originated from agricultural activities conducted around the lake and from industrial discharges by means of Ergene River. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sediment quality of Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal by investigating some toxic element accumulations (As, B, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) from a statistical perspective. Pearson Correlation Index (PCI) and Factor Analysis (FA) were applied to detected data in order to determine the associated contaminants and effective factors on the system. Potential Ecological Risk Index (R-I) and Biological Risk Index based sediment quality guidelines (mERM-Q) applied to detected data in order to assess the ecological and biological risks of heavy metals in the ecosystem. Also Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used to make visual explanations by presenting distribution maps of investigated elements. According to the results of PCI, significant positive correlations were recorded among the investigated toxic elements at 0.01 significance level. According to the results of FA, two factors, which were named as Agricultural Factor and Industrial Factor, explained 86.6% of the total variance. According to the results of Potential Ecological Risk Index, cadmium was found to be the highest risk factor and according to results of Biological Risk Index, nickel and chromium were found to be the highest risk factors for Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal. As a result of the present study, it was also determined that heavy metal contents in sediments of Gala Lake National Park reached to critical levels and the system is intensively under effect of agricultural and industrial originated pollution.Öğe Boron and Arsenic Levels in Water, Sediment, and Tissues of Carassius Gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in a Dam Lake(Hard, 2014) Cicek, Arzu; Kose, Esengul; Emiroglu, Ozgur; Tokatli, Cem; Baskurt, Sercan; Sulun, SuleThe Seydisuyu River one of the tributaries of Sakarya River which is the third largest river system in Turkey. The Seydisuyu Basin includes one of the most important boron mines in world. Boron sources in the Seydisuyu Basin, fertilizers, and pesticides used in agricultural applications; geological structure of the basin and mining applications are resources important for boron and arsenic. Kunduzlar Dam Lake, which is one of: the most important reservoirs of the Seydisuyu basin, was constructed for the Seyitgazi Plain in 1983. Boron and arsenic values were the two important contaminants determined around the region. B and As levels were determined in water and sediment of Kunduzlar Dam Lake and also B levels were identified in tissues of Carassius gibelio. Water and sediment samples were collected seasonally between 2011-12. Also, muscle, gill, and liver tissues of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) were examined in spring 2012. Arsenic and boron levels in water were found higher than permissible levels. In all tissues of Carassius gibelio bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for boron were remarkably high and boron accumulation levels in the muscle were lower than other tissues.Öğe Comparisons of diatoms and fishes as toxic metal bioindicator: a case study of an A-class wetland in northwest Turkey under effect of an intensive paddy cultivation stress(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Tokatli, CemIn this research, diatoms as the first step and fishes as the last step of the food chain were compared as toxic metal accumulation bioindicator in an A-class wetland in Turkey. Bioaccumulations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were determined in liver, gill and muscle tissues of two commercially consumed fish species Carassius gibelio and Cyprinus carpio and in frustules of epiphytic diatom communities living on submerged macrophytes. Samples were collected seasonally from the Gala Lake, which is among the best stopover habitats of birds migrating between Europe and Africa, considering the paddy harvest period that is a major stress factor for the ecosystem. Also, potential human health risks associated with the consumption of fishes and consumption - dermal contact of diatoms were evaluated both for summer - before paddy harvest (BPH) and autumn - after paddy harvest (APH) periods. As a result of this research, the investigated toxic metal concentrations were increased significantly in diatoms in the APH period, while less significant exchanges were recorded in fishes. The bioaccumulations of PTEs were ranked as follows: Zn > Mn > Se> Cu > B > Cr > Ni > As > Pb > Cd for C. gibelio; Zn > Mn > Se > Cu > B > Cr > As > Ni > Pb > Cd for C. carpio; andMn>Zn>Se>Pb>B>Ni>Cr>Cu>As>Cd for diatom frustules. Although the HI values in diatoms detected in the APH period were statistically significantly higher (about 1000 times; p< 0.05) than detected in the BPH period, they were less than the limit of 1 in both seasons. However, the HI coefficients of fishes were quite higher than the limit (an average of 23.59 for C. gibelio and 19.18 for C. carpio), which means quite high probable non-carcinogenic health risks for humans. Furthermore, the CR coefficients of Cr, Ni and As in muscle tissues of fishes were considerably higher than the limit of 10(-4), which reflects a significant carcinogenic health risk for consumers. The data showed that although the fishes at the top of the food chain bioaccumulate the PTEs in their tissues much higher than the diatoms at the bottom of the food chain, the diatoms are much more sensitive to changes in the environmental conditions than the fishes and they are more effective biological tools as toxic metal accumulation bioindicators.Öğe DIATOMS OF SEYDISUYU STREAM BASIN (TURKEY) AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY BY STATISTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2018) Atici, Tahir; Tokatli, Cem; Cicek, ArzuIn the present study, diatom flora of Seydisuyu Stream Basin (Turkey) was investigated and the water quality of the system was evaluated in a statistical and biological view. Epipelic (EPP), epilithic (EPL) and epifitic (EPF) diatoms were seasonally collected from 12 stations in 2012 along the Seydisuyu Stream Basin and some physical and chemical water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, TDS, pH, ORP, conductivity, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate) were measured during the field and laboratory studies. Biological Diatom Index (IBD) was used to assess the water quality of the basin and some mono (Pearson Correlation Index and Matrixplot Distribution Diagrams) and multi (Cluster Analysis and Factor Analysis) statistical methods were applied to detected all physical, chemical and biological data. According to data observed, Seydisuyu Stream Basin has II. - III. Class water quality in terms of investigated water quality parameters (Turkish Regulations) and a total of 48 diatom species were recorded for the basin by counting a total of 22.229 valves. Cymbella lanceolata, Diatoma vulgare, Fragilaria construens, Hantzschia amphioxys, Meridion circulare, Navicula cincta, Neidium iridis, Navicula venata, Pinnularia brebissonii, Synedra acus and Surirella ovata were the most dominant species in the region. According to result of IBD, the investigated region was in a mesotrophic state and has a moderate water quality. According to results of Factor Analysis, 9 factors explained 81.29% of the total variance and according to results of Cluster Analysis, stational similarity coefficients were determined as IBD Indices (0.98) > Environmental Parameters (0.85) > Diatom Flora (0.77) respectively.Öğe DRINKING WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN VILLAGES LOCATED IN MERIC RIVER BASIN (EDIRNE, TURKEY)(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2018) Tokatli, CemThis study was carried out to determine the drinking water quality of Ipsala, Kesan, Uzunkopru and Meric Districts, which are located in the Meric River Basin in Edirne Province of Turkey. Water samples were collected from 51 villages in autumn season of 2017. Some physical and chemical water quality parameters including dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, turbidity, nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4) and cyanide (CN) were determined and the results were assessed according to national and international quality criteria. Pearson Correlation Index (PCI) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to experimental data in order to determine the significant relations among the investigated parameters and effective factors on groundwater quality of the region. Geographic Information System (GIS) was also used in order to make a visual explanation by presenting distribution maps of investigated parameters. According to data observed, although the investigated parameter levels in drinking water of villages did not exceeded the limit values for drinking, the region has Class I - II water quality in terms of cyanide, nitrite and nitrate parameters; Class II - III in terms of electrical conductivity parameter; and Class III - IV in terms of phosphate parameter in general.Öğe Drinking Water Quality Assessment of Ergene River Basin (Turkey) by Water Quality Index: Essential and Toxic Elements(Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2019) Tokatli, CemErgene River Basin is the most significant aquatic habitat for Thrace Region and also one of the most polluted watersheds in Turkey. The objectives of this study were to determine some essential-toxic element accumulations in drinking water of settlement areas located in Ergene River Basin and evaluated the water quality in terms of local public health. Drinking water samples were collected from 30 stations in dry (summer) season of 2018. Cluster Analysis (CA) was used to classify the investigated elements and villages and Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was used to assess the water quality. According to results of elemental CA, 11 statistically significant clusters were formed in terms of elemental densities and according to results of locational CA, 3 statistically significant clusters were formed in terms of drinking water qualities. According to results of WAWQI, the risk sequence of the elements in drinking water of the system as follows: Se > As > Mo > B > Ba > Cr > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cd > Cu. Although Ergene River Basin is known as a very contaminated freshwater ecosystem, it was determined that the groundwater of the basin has I. - II class water quality, in general. Selenium accumulations detected in almost all the investigated villages exceeded the drinking water limit of 10 ppb. Arsenic, boron and molybdenum accumulations detected in some villages exceeded the drinking water standards. Although concentrations of some elements in some locations were exceed the limit values and recorded as quite high levels, the majority of investigated element concentrations in drinking water of the basin have been found to be in the range of human consumption standards.Öğe Drinking Water Quality of a Rice Land in Turkey by Statistical and GIS Perspectives(Hard, 2014) Tokatli, CemThis study was carried out to determine the drinking water quality of ipsala District, known as Rice Land in Turkey. Water samples were collected from 23 stations, including all the residential areas in winter 2013. Some physical, chemical, and microbiological water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, fluoride, and biological oxygen demand) were determined and some multi-statistical methods were applied to detected data. The geographic information system was also used in order to make a visual explanation by presenting distribution maps of investigated parameters, and groundwater samples were assessed according to national and international quality criteria. According to data observed, although the investigated parameter levels in ground water of ipsala District did not exceed the limit values for drinking, the region has class II-III (Turkish Regulations) groundwater quality in terms of nitrite and nitrate parameters in general.Öğe Ecological and health risk assessment and quantitative source apportionment of dissolved metals in ponds used for drinking and irrigation purposes(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Tokatli, Cem; Varol, Memet; Ustaoglu, FikretIn this study, dissolved metal levels of 10 different ponds used as irrigation and drinking water sources in the north of Saros Bay (Turkiye) were evaluated using multivariate statistical methods, contamination and ecological risk indices, and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR). The mean levels of metals in the ponds ranged from 0.045 mu g/L (Cd) to 127 mu g/L (Mn). Pond 7 used for drinking water source had the lowest total metal level. Only Mn levels in two ponds (P1 and P2) slightly exceeded the critical value set by EU Drinking Water Directive. However, the levels of all metals in all ponds were lower than the critical values set for irrigation water and aquatic life. According to the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), five ponds showed low metal pollution in terms of drinking water quality, four ponds showed moderate metal pollution, and one pond (P1) showed moderate to heavy pollution. According to the Nemerow pollution index (NPI) values (0.26-1.82), ponds P1 and P2 showed slight metal pollution, while other ponds showed insignificant metal pollution. Contamination degree (CD) values of ponds varied between 0.95 and 3.33, indicating that all ponds showed low pollution. In terms of irrigation water quality, all ponds showed low or insignificant metal pollution according to the HPI, NPI, and CD values. According to the ecological risk index (ERI) values, metals in all ponds posed low ecological risks for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Factor analysis identified two potential sources: mixed sources and natural sources. The APCS-MLR model results revealed that mixed sources and natural sources contributed 78.99% and 21.01% to dissolved metals in the ponds, respectively. Health risk assessment results indicated that both individual and combined metals in the ponds would not cause non-carcinogenic risks to both adults and children. Similarly, it was found that Cr and As would not cause carcinogenic risks to the residents of the region.Öğe Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment of Fe lent Stream, Sakarya River Basin, Turkey(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2013) Cicek, Arzu; Tokatli, Cem; Kose, EsengulMany indices have been developed to evaluate the environmental risks of heavy metals in sediments. In the present study, two of these indices were used to determine the sediment quality of a polluted freshwater ecosystem: Sediment samples were collected seasonally from seven stations selected on Felent Stream and the accumulations of some heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in sediment were investigated seasonally. Potential ecological risk analysis (R-I) and biological toxicity test based sediment quality guidelines (mERM-Q) applied to the results to assess the environmental risks of heavy metals in the region (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn). According to the results, Kopruoren and Yoncali Villages (F2 and F3 stations) where mining - agricultural sections of the study area were high - medium priority site according to mERM-Q and has moderate ecological risk according to RI. Kutahya Province and estuary of stream (F6 and F7 stations) where urban sections of the study area had high - medium priority site and medium - low priority site respectively according to mERM-Q.