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    The anatomical, morphological features, and biological activity of Scilla siberica subsp. armena (Grossh.) Mordak (Asparagaceae)
    (Springer Wien, 2023) Aydin, Bilge; Yuca, Hafize; Karakaya, Songul; Bona, Gulnur Eksi; Goger, Gamze; Tekman, Enes; Sahin, Aydan Acar
    Scilla siberica subsp. armena is known as Siberian Squill which is naturally distributed in Lebanon-Syria, Transcaucasus, and Turkey. It is a perennial bulbous plant with a short vegetation period from March to May. In this study, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of corm, leaf, and flower methanolic extracts were examined. The anatomy and morphology of the plant organs were investigated by light and electron microscopes. The anatomy of S. siberica subsp. armena was investigated for the first time by electron microscopy in this study. The corm, leaf, and flower methanolic extracts were assessed against E. coli ATCC 8739, S. aureus ATCC 6538, B. subtilis ATCC 19,659, C. albicans ATCC 10,231, C. krusei ATCC 14,243, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750. Among the extracts, that obtained from the blue pollen showed the best antimicrobial activity against C. tropicalis ATCC 750 strain with a MIC value of 312.5 mu g/mL. The highest phenolic content was determined in leaf extract with 53.59211 mu g GAE/mg extract value. The extract showed the best antilipid peroxidation activity with 376.69 mu g/mL value. Using DPPIT and ABTS(+) tests, it was determined that the flower and leaf extracts have the best activity (IC50 = 756.13 mu g/mL and IC50 = 94.07 mu g/mL, respectively). The flower extract exhibited a-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 5239 mu g/mL. Based on the presented results of the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of the S. siberica subsp. armena, we suggest that natural compounds from S. siberica subsp. armena are of potential use for the improvement of an antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agent.
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    Investigation on effects of walnut essential oil against glutamate toxicity on cortex neuron and LN405 cancer cell lines, diabetes, and some microorganisms
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Yesilyurt, Fatma; Yuca, Hafize; Karakaya, Songul; Tekman, Enes; Demirci, Betul; Taghizadehghalehjoughi, Ali; Goger, Gamze
    In this study, leaf essential oil effects on glutamate toxicity model formed in cortex neurons and LN405 cell cultures were investigated. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by & alpha;-amylase and & alpha;-glucosidase inhibitions. MIC was used for antimicrobial activity. Seven groups were examined with MTT. Glutamate 10-5 mM in cortex showed 62% viability whereas oil viability did not increase in a dose-dependent manner and the highest viability rate was observed. There are four types of glandular trichomes in leaf anatomy of walnut. The oil exhibited half as much & alpha;-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 8105 & mu;g/mL, compared to positive control acarbose (IC50 = 4762 & mu;g/mL). MIC of oil was determined to be 625 & mu;g/mL against E. coli, C. albicans, and C. parapsilosis, whereas S. aureus exhibited a MIC of 1250 & mu;g/mL. Major compounds of oil were found as & beta;-pinene (17.6%), & alpha;-pinene (11.3%), & beta;-eudesmol (8.6%), and caryophyllene oxide (6.2%).
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    Screening of antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic activities, anatomical and morphological properties of Colchicum speciosum Steven (Colchicaceae)
    (Springer Wien, 2022) Karakaya, Songul; Goger, Gamze; Bona, Gulnur Eksi; Yuca, Hafize; Aydin, Bilge; Tekman, Enes; Sahin, Aydan Acar
    Colchicum speciosum Steven species is a perennial stemless plant. C. speciosum is a flowering herb native to mountainous regions of northern Turkey, the Caucasus, and northern Iran. It has been known as Vargit, Aci cigdem, Guz cigdemi. The present study reports the antimicrobial, antioxidant, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of corm, leaf and flower methanol extracts, anatomical (light and electron microscopes) properties of root, corm, leaf, flowers and morphological characteristics of C. speciosum. Three different part of extracts C. speciosum were evaluated against E. coli ATCC 8739, S. aureus ATCC 6538, B. subtilis ATCC 19,659, C. albicans ATCC 10,231, C. krusei ATCC 14,243, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750. The most effective extract was found to be MeOH extract for corm and leaf against C. tropicalis ATCC 750 strain with MIC value 160 > mu g/mL. It has been investigated first time anatomy of the tepal, ovary, anther, filament of C. speciosum. Leaf extract was the highest phenolic component (78.61842 mu g GAE/mg extract). As a result of DPPH center dot and ABTS(center dot+) tests, it was determined that the leaf extract showed the best activity (IC50 = 6.568 mu g/mL and IC50 = 3.243 mu g/mL, respectively). Corm extract exhibited alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 21039 mu g/mL. This is the first study of the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic activities, detailed anatomical and morphological properties of C. speciosum.