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    LFM-A13, a potent inhibitor of polo-like kinase, inhibits breast carcinogenesis by suppressing proliferation activity and inducing apoptosis in breast tumors of mice
    (Springer, 2018) Sahin, Kazim; Tuzcu, Mehmet; Yabas, Mehmet; Orhan, Cemal; Sahin, Nurhan; Ozercan, Ibrahim H.
    The goals of the present study were to define the anticancer activity of LFM-A13 (alpha-cyano-beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-N-(2,5-dibromophenyl)-propenamide), a potent inhibitor of Polo-like kinase (PLK), in a mouse mammary cancer model induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in vivo and explore its anticancer mechanism(s). We also examined whether the inhibition of PLK by LFM-A13 would improve the efficiency of paclitaxel in breast cancer growth in vivo. To do this, female BALB/c mice received 1 mg of DMBA once a week for 6 weeks with oral gavage. LFM-A13 (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally with DMBA administration and continued for 25 weeks. We found that LFM-A13, paclitaxel, and their combination have a significant effect on the DMBA-induced breast tumor incidence, mean tumor numbers, average tumor weight, and size. At the molecular level, the administration of LFM-A13 hindered mammary gland carcinoma development by regulating the expression of PLK1, cell cycle-regulating proteins cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase-4 (CDK-4), and the CDK inhibitor, p21. Moreover, LFM-A 13 treatment upregulated the levels of I kappa B, the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, and caspase-3, and down-regulated p53 and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in mammary tumors. The combination of LFM-A13 with paclitaxel was found to be more effective compared with either agent alone. Collectively, these results suggest that LFM-A13 has an anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer in vivo and that LFM-A13 and paclitaxel combination could be a strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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    Prevention of DMBA-induced mammary gland tumors in mice by a dual-function inhibitor of JAK3 and EGF receptor tyrosine kinases
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Sahin, Kazim; Yabas, Mehmet; Orhan, Cemal; Tuzcu, Mehmet; Sahin, Taha K.; Ozercan, Ibrahim H.; Qazi, Sanjive
    Objectives: We tested the chemopreventive effect of WHI-P131 in side by side evaluation with the standard anti-breast cancer drug paclitaxel in the well-established 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer model. Methods: One hundred BALB/cmice were divided into five groups. (i) Control (ii) DMBA (iii) DMBA+ Paclitaxel (10 mg/kg) (iv) DMBA+WHI-P131 (Janex1, 50 mg/kg of BW, i.p, three times per week) (J) (v) DMBA+P+J. The duration of study was 25 weeks. Results: Our findings demonstrate that WHI-P131 impedes DMBA-induced carcinogenesis, reduces size, weight, and load of tumors (P < 0.001) in DMBA-challenged mice and improves their survival outcome (P < 0.01). The tumors developing despite WHI-P131 chemoprevention displayedattenuated levels of JAK3, STAT3, and NF-kappa B as well as increased I-kappa B expression (P < 0.001). Notably, these tumors exhibited significantly decreased levels of phosphorylated AKT-PI3-Kinase pathway signaling proteins p-mTOR, p-p70S6K1, and p-4E-BP1 (P < 0.001). Our findings are consistent with a model in which DMBA-induced malignant clones with low-level expression of the six signature proteins JAK3/STAT3/NF-kappa B/p-mTOR, p-p70S6K1/p-4E-BP1, albeit not as aggressive as their JAK3/STAT3/NF-kappa B overexpressing counterparts are capable of escaping chemo-preventive effects of WHI-P131. Conclusion: These insights may provide the foundation for new chemo-preventive strategies in which WHI-P131 is applied to prevent the development of aggressive forms of breast cancer.