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Öğe Integrating field-based tests into weekly soccer training sessions: a comparison of physiological demands of three progressive multistage fitness tests and regular training demands(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2023) Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Oliveira, Rafael; Kawczynski, Adam; Silva, Ana Filipa; Akyildiz, Zeki; Yildiz, Mehmet; Sagiroglu, IsaPurpose. This study compares the physiological demands of 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT), Yo -Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRT), and VAMEVAL test as related to training and match demands among youth soccer players. Methods. Overall, 12 under -19 male soccer players (18.21 +/- 0.34 years old) were monitored over 3 consecutive weeks for heart rate (HR) responses during training sessions and matches. During this period, they were assessed with 30-15IFT, YYIRT, and VAMEVAL. The measures were taken on the same day of the week to ensure replicable conditions between the tests. Results. The Friedman test revealed significant differences in the average HR (p = 0.006), time in HR zone 3 (p < 0.001), and time in HR zone 4 (p = 0.039) between the tests. Considering the representativeness of the tests in comparison with training sessions and matches, both 30-15IFT and VAMEVAL corresponded to 48% and 46% of the training session load 3 days before the match day (936 +/- 447 s) and on the match day (831 +/- 533 s), respectively. Conclusions. YYIRT imposed greater time exposure to high HR intensities (in the zones of 80-100% of HR maximum) than VAMEVAL and 30-15IFT. Moreover, the multistage fitness tests corresponded to slightly more than half of the time in which a player was exposed to 80% and 100% of HR maximum during a regular training session and match day. These findings may assist coaches in understanding how to incorporate intermittent fitness tests within training in order to accurately replicate HR responses of match conditions.Öğe Locomotor demands of 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, and VAMEVAL test and comparisons with regular locomotor demands in training sessions and matches: a study conducted in youth male soccer players(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2023) Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Oliveira, Rafael; Akyildiz, Zeki; Yildiz, Mehmet; Sagiroglu, Isa; Silva, Ana FilipaPurpose: The study aim was 2-fold: (i) characterize and compare the locomotor demands of 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRT), and VAMEVAL test; (ii) compare the locomotor demands of these progressive multistage tests with those of training sessions and matches in youth soccer players. Methods: A descriptive case study lasting 3 weeks was performed to implement the tests once and to monitor the locomotor demands in training sessions and matches. Overall, 12 soccer players (age: 18.21 +/- 0.34 years) from the same team participated after consideration of inclusion criteria. A Global Positioning System unit was used for each player over the training sessions, matches, and multistage tests to monitor locomotor demands. The following outcomes were extracted: total distance; peak speed; distances covered at 3.00-6.99 km/h (Z1), 7.00-10.99 km/h (Z2), 11.00-14.99 km/h (Z3), 15.00-18.99 km/h (Z4), and 19.00 km/h (Z5); accelerations at 0.50 to 0.99 m/s(2) and 1.00 to 1.99 m/s(2); and decelerations at -0.99 to -0.50 m/s(2) and -1.99 to -1.00 m/s(2). Results: Significant differences between progressive multistage tests were found in total distance (p = 0.028); distances covered at Z1 (p < 0.001), Z2 (p < 0.001), Z3 (p < 0.001), Z4 (p = 0.009), and Z5 (p = 0.044); accelerations at 0.50 to 0.99 m/s(2) (p < 0.001) and 1.00 to 1.99 m/s(2) (p < 0.001); and decelerations at -0.99 to -0.50 m/s(2) (p < 0.001) and -1.99 to -1.00 m/s(2) (p < 0.001). The total distance of the 3 progressive multistage tests may vary between 39% and 49% of a middle training session (match-day 3). However, as for intense locomotor demands at distance covered at Z4, 2 of the field-based tests exceeded a typical match-day 3 between 308 m (+83%) in 30-15IFT and 112 m (+30%) in YYIRT. Conclusions: The results suggests that 30-15IFT is more demanding considering high-intensity locomotor activities, while YYIRT and VAMEVAL are more demanding considering moderate locomotor demands. Moreover, specific adjustments in training sessions must be conducted, especially when introducing 30-15IFT and YYIRT since they may exceed the typical doses of distances covered at 11.00-14.99 km/h and 15.00-18.99 km/h.Öğe Perspectives of Faculty of Sport Sciences Students: Distance Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic(Lahore Medical & Dental Coll, 2021) Yildiz, Mevlut; Yildiz, Yasin; Sagiroglu, Isa; Eraslan, MericThis study aimed to investigate the views of students at sports sciences faculty on distance education based on some variables. The population of the study consisted of Sports sciences faculty students. The data were collected from the participants via the Google Forms platform, and participation was on a voluntary basis. The form that was used in the study to collect the data consisted of two sections. The first section included the Demographic Information Form developed by the researcher, while the second section included the Views on Distance Education Scale developed by Yildirim et al. (2016). The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package software. As a result of the study, statistically significant differences were determined in the variables of gender, department of education, wanting the classes to continue through distance education and devices used in distance education (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the variables of age and class year (p > 0.05). Consequently, it was determined that the attitudes of the students towards distance education were generally low. Accordingly, work may be carried out towards increasing the effectiveness of departments that require applied education.Öğe Relationship between functional movement screening and static balance scores: Increasing the educational level of elite female wrestlers(Univ San Ignacio Loyola, 2021) Kara, Erhan; Oncen, Sercan; Sagiroglu, Isa; Dincer, OzgurThe importance of balance is considerably high in many sports that require struggle and close contact such as wrestling. Some losses in maintaining the balance due to the movements requiring high intensity during competitions and increase in the risk of injury due to these losses may occur in wrestling athletes. The aim of this study is to Increase the educational level of elite female wrestlers by examining the relationship between Functional Movement Screening Test Scores and static balance performance scores of elite young female wrestlers. 19 elite female wrestlers having average age of 22.94 +/- 2.67 years, body weight 61.63 +/- 7.25 kg, height 165.37 +/- 5.17 cm and BMI 22.46 +/- 1.60kg / m2 participated in the study. Functional Movement Screen Test (TM) (FMSTT) battery was used in determining the functional movements of the participants, while Tecnobody Prokin 200 Bergamo/Italy was used to determine the total postural stability index values. All static balance measurements were evaluated as standing Double-Leg Eyes Open (DLEO), Eyes Open Single-Leg Dominant Non-Dominant (EOSL-DM and EOSL-ND). Since higher stability index values indicate lower stability, the participants were found to have a negative correlation between non-dominant leg static balance and HS. SM. and TSPU, and between dominant leg static balance and HS. SM. and TSPU. In addition, it was found out that, there was a negative correlation between non-dominant leg static balance, dominant leg static balance and double leg static balance and the FMST (TM) scores of the participants. The results of this research can be very effective in improving the educational process in the field of wrestling.Öğe Residual effects of static stretching and self-myofascial-release exercises on flexibility and lower body explosive strength in well-trained combat athletes(Ios Press, 2017) Sagiroglu, Isa; Kurt, Cem; Pekunlu, Ekim; Ozsu, IlbilgeBACKGROUND: The self-myofascial technique is a new exercise modality that is thought to improve muscular performance and restore soft tissue. However, there are limited empirical data demonstrating the efficacy of this technique on athletic performance. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of self-myofascial-releasing exercises on the residual characteristics of the sit and reach (S&R) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in well-trained combat athletes. METHODS: Sixteen well-trained male combat athletes (age: 23.9 +/- 3.6 years, mass: 78.78 +/- 10.41 kg, combat experience: 12.87 +/- 5.23 years) performed three exercise sessions called aerobic running (AR), aerobic running combined with static stretching (AR + SS), and aerobic running combined with self-myofascial release (AR + SMR) at 48 hour intervals in a randomized crossover design. After each session, the subjects performed the S&R and CMJ tests successively with 30-s of rest between the tests at the 15th second and at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 15th, and 30th minute during the recovery period. RESULTS: ANOVA and the post-hoc LSD (Least Significant Difference) test revealed that the AR + SMR treatment increased the flexibility greater than AR + SS (p = 0.029) at the 45th second. Additionally, the AR + SMR treatment resulted in less of a decrease in CMJ height compared to AR + SS at the 10th minute (p = 0.025). A larger decrease in the CMJ height was found after AR + SS compared to the AR and AR + SMR treatments at the 10th and 15th minute, respectively (p = 0.025 and p = 0.038). These results revealed that SMR had no advantage over AR and SS in terms of enhancing flexibility. A statistically insignificant inhibitory effect of SMR was detected on the CMJ performance. SS appeared to have an inhibitory effect on the CMJ performance for approximately 15 minutes. CONCLUSION: SMR may have a detrimental effect on CMJ performance. Trainers or athletes should consider using the SMR technique before training or competition to prevent possible power decrement.Öğe Validity and reliability of Polar Team Pro GPS units for assessing maximum sprint speed in soccer players(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Sagiroglu, Isa; Akyildiz, Zeki; Yildiz, Mehmet; Clemente, Filipe ManuelPrevious research has reported inconsistencies in the validity and reliability of different brands of global positioning systems (GPS). Therefore, it should be questioned whether GPS units measure the maximum speed measurements validly and reliably. The current study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of Polar Team Pro GPS units (10 Hz) when used to measure maximum sprint speed. Sixteen amateur soccer players (age: 27.22 +/- 4.70 years; height: 177 +/- 6.05 cm; body mass: 73.66 +/- 5.63 kg) were tested in the 40 m sprint. Two Polar Team Pro GPS units were positioned on each player, while the radar was placed on a 1 m high tripod placed 10 m behind the starting point. The data obtained from the Polar Team Pro GPS units were compared to determine inter-unit reliability. The data obtained from one of the Polar Team Pro GPS units and radar gun (gold standard) were compared to determine validity. Good inter-unit reliability between the Polar Team Pro GPS units was reported for maximum sprint speed, with low coefficients of variation (5%-6%) and low smallest worthwhile changes (0.4 for all systems). Regarding validity, the coefficient of correlation was extremely high for maximum sprint speed (r = 0.938, p < 0.001). Moreover, measurement differences between both systems were statistically insignificant (Mean Bias error = 0.144, R-2 = 0.879, MAPE = 1.6%, MAE = 0.688, and RMSE = 0.697). Consequently, good reliability and perfect validity were observed, indicating that the Polar Team Pro GPS unit is suitable for maximum sprint speed measurements.
