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    Body mass index percentiles among adolescent girls living in Edirne, Turkey
    (Wiley, 2003) Karasalihoglu, S; Öner, N; Ekuklu, G; Vatansever, Ü; Pala, Ö
    Background : Body mass index (BMI) is the simplest way to measure obesity; therefore, it is chosen by many authorities as a screening method for adolescent obesity. Body mass index is positively correlated with the complications of childhood and adolescent obesity, such as hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, hyper-tension and long-term development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to produce percentile curves for bodyweight, height and BMI in a representative sample of adolescent girls living in urban and rural areas of Edirne, Turkey, and to compare these percentile curves with curves from other countries. Methods : The present study was a cross-sectional study, including a representative sample of 1687 adolescent girls from rural and urban areas of Edirne, who were evaluated between May and July 2001. Bodyweight and height were measured using standard procedures. Body mass index (kg/m(2) ) was calculated as the ratio of bodyweight to body height squared. Smoothed percentiles for these variables were calculated using polynominal regression models. Crude weight, height and BMI percentile values, as well as smoothed percentile curves are presented. Results : Body mass index, weight and height reference curves for adolescent girls were produced. When we compared the BMI values of subjects in the present study with those of other countries, 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI in the present study were found to be generally lower than those for other ethnicities. Conclusion : Our findings show ethnic differences in BMI among adolescent girls. It will be usefull for each country to produce its own BMI percentiles.
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    Intraerythrocytic potassium levels and early insulin release in children with moderate malnutrition
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2003) Karasalihoglu, S; Bi, M; Öner, N; Çeltik, CK; Pala, Ö
    Potassium deficiency and insulin releasing defect in severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) have been reported previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of potassium deficiency and early insulin releasing defect in moderate PEM, which is more common in children. This study was carried out prospectively in the Pediatrics Department at Trakya University. The study group comprised 30 children with moderate PEM who were also classified as stunted, wasted, and stunting-wasting. Thirty healthy children were selected as controls. Although there was no statistical difference between the study and control groups in terms of serum potassium and initial insulin levels, intraerythrocytic potassium and early insulin release in patients were significantly lower than in controls. The stunting-wasting cases had the lowest intraerythrocytic potassium and early insulin response to intravenous glucose administration. This study suggests that it is appropriate to evaluate moderate PEM cases for intraerythrocytic potassium deficiency and early insulin releasing defect. Potassium supplements should be given if necessary.
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    Neuron-specific enolase as a marker of the severity and outcome of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2004) Çeltik, C; Acunas, B; Öner, N; Pala, Ö
    The aim of this study was to evaluate serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a marker of the severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and to elucidate the relation among the concentrations of NSE, grade of HIE and short-term outcome. Forty-three asphyxiated full-term newborn infants who developed symptoms and signs of HIE (Group 1) and 29 full-term newborn infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid but with normal physical examination (Group 2) were studied with serial neurological examination, Denver developmental screening test (DDST), electroencephalogram and computerized cerebral tomography (CT) for neurological follow-up. Thirty healthy infants were selected as the control group. In the patient groups, two blood samples were taken to measure NSE levels, one between 4 and 48 It and the other 5-7 days after birth. Serum NSE levels were significantly higher in infants with HIE compared to those infants in Group 2 and control group. The mean serum concentrations of the second samples decreased in all groups studied but they were significantly higher in Group I compared to those in Group 2. Serum NSE concentrations of initial samples were significantly higher in patients with stage III HIE than in those with stages 11 and I. The sensitivity and specificity values of serum NSE as a predictor of HIE of moderate or severe degree (cut-off value 40.0 mug/l) were 79 and 70%, respectively, and as a predictor of poor outcome (cut-off value 45.4 mug/l) were calculated as 84 and 70%, respectively. The predictive capacity of serum NSE concentrations for poor outcome seems to be better than predicting HIE of moderate or severe degree. However, earlier and/or CSF samples may be required to establish serum NSE as an early marker for the application of neuroprotective strategies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Nucleated red blood cell counts and erythropoietin levels in high-risk neonates
    (Blackwell Publishing Asia, 2002) Vatansever, Ü; Acuna, B; Demir, M; Karasalihoglu, S; Ekuklu, G; Ener, S; Pala, Ö
    Background : The presence of increased numbers of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) and increased levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in the circulation of neonates has been associated with states of relative hypoxia. The aim of this study is to assess the pattern of NRBC counts and EPO levels in a group of high-risk neonates under stress conditions and determine the short-term outcome for these babies by using these parameters. Methods : There were 69 high-risk neonates; 14 intrauterine growth retarded ( IUGR), 25 preterm infants, 18 term infants with asphyxia and 12 infants of diabetic mothers. Control groups included healthy, term infants delivered either vaginally (n=18) or with cesarean section (n=19). Three blood samples were obtained from each infant within 12 h (initial), 3 days and 7 days after birth to measure NRBC counts and EPO levels. Neonatal and short-term outcomes at 3 and 6 months of age were determined. Results : There was no significant difference among the groups with regard to the initial serum EPO concentrations. The initial NRBC counts were significantly lower in the control groups compared with the study groups (P=0.002). While there was no significant difference between patients with good and poor outcome in terms of EPO concentrations of initial samples, a significant difference existed in terms of NRBC counts (P=0.038). Conclusions : Both serum EPO level and NRBC count provide limited clinical benefit in the detection of pathological conditions of the neonatal period, but NRBC count determination seems to be especially helpful in predicting short-term neurodevelopmental outcome.