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    Evaluation of symmetrical increased echogenicity of bilateral caudothalamic grooves detected on cranial ultrasonography by comparing with susceptibility-weighted imaging
    (Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2018) Dogan, Mehmet S.; Koc, Gonca; Doganay, Selim; Dogan, Sumeyra; Ozdemir, Ahmet; Korkmaz, Levent; Coskun, Abdulhakim
    To assess symmetrical increased echogenicity of bilateral caudothalamic grooves (SIEBCG) detected on newborn cranial ultrasonography (CUS) using magnetic resonance susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). A total of 14 newborns (8 girls; 12 premature with mean gestational age of 30 weeks and 5 days, 2 mature) who were detected to have SIEBCG on routine serial CUS and underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recruited for the study. The cranial MRI examinations including SWI acquired on the same day of SIEBCG detection and serial CUS to assess the progress of SIEBCG lesions in the following 6 month period were retrospectively evaluated and compared for the presence of germinal matrix hemorrhage. On SWI, solely one patient (7, 1%) had signal alteration on caudothalamic groove compatible with grade 1 germinal matrix hemorrhage. Two patients (14, 2%) had parenchymal (on cerebellar and parietal white matter) millimetric hemorrhagic foci. Seven patients (50%) had signs of presumptive hypoxic insult including hyperintense dots on centrum semiovale and periventricular white matter in five, and increased signal intensity on the globus pallidi in two, on T1-weighted images. Four patients (28, 6%) had normal findings. Of these, 10 patients became normal on follow-up CUS at postterm-equivalent age, whereas four were missing. Symmetrical increased echogenicity of bilateral caudothalamic grooves seen on newborn CUS may be the indicator of other pathologies as ischemic insult or focal parenchymal hemorrhage. In the presence of SIEBCG, further examination with SWI should be performed.
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    The Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Sleep Duration in Turkish Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
    (Galenos Yayincilik, 2018) Bal, Cengiz; Ozturk, Ahmet; Cicek, Betul; Ozdemir, Ahmet; Zararsiz, Gokmen; Unalan, Demet; Zararsiz, Gozde Erturk
    Objective: As in adults, hypertension is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in children. We aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep duration on blood pressure in normal weight Turkish children aged between 11-17 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the primary and secondary schools of the two central and ten outlying districts of Kayseri, Turkey. Subjects were 2860 children and adolescents (1385 boys, 1475 girls). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured according to the recommendations of the Fourth Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Sleep duration was classified as follows: <= 8 hours, 8.1-8.9 hours, 9.0-9.9 hours or >= 10 hours. Results: For short sleeper boys and girls (participants with a sleep duration <= 8 h) the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 35.0% and 30.8%, respectively. In univariate binary logistic regression analyses (age-adjusted), each unit increment in sleep duration (hours) in boys and girls, decreased the prehypertension and hypertension risk by 0.89 [odds ratio (OR)] [confidance interval (CI); 0.82-0.98] and 0.88 (OR) (CI; 0.81-0.97), respectively (p<0.05). In multiple binary logistic regression analyses [age-and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted] the location of the school and sleep duration categories were shown to be the most important factors for prehypertension and hypertension in both genders, while household income was the most important factor, only in boys. Conclusions: A sleep duration <= 8 h is an independent risk factor for prehypertension and hypertension in Turkish children aged 11-17 years.