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Öğe Beneficial Effects of Quercetin on the Zone of Stasis in an Experimental Burn Model(Aves, 2018) Orhan, Erkan; Sahin, Ertan; Metin, Melike Sapmaz; Tarladacalisir, Yeter TopcuObjective: In burn injury, the zone of stasis determines the width and depth of the necrosis. Our aim is to show the effectiveness of quercetin on the viability within the zone of stasis in burns of rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into three groups. The rats in Group 1 (control group) were only applied the comb burn model; the rats in Group 2 (post-burn group) were administered 50 mg/kg of quercetin intraperitoneally, every day after the burn procedure until euthanasia; and the rats in Group 3 (pre-burn group) were administered 50 mg/kg of quercetin intraperitoneally, every day for 7 days before and after the burn procedure until euthanasia. Results: The living tissue calculated was 85.41% (+/- 14.06) in Group 3, 40.37% (+/- 9.75) in Group 2, and 16.81% (+/- 9.4) in Group 1. The level of apoptosis was 30.0 (+/- 10.8) in Group 3, 33.8 (+/- 08.7) in Group 2, and 37.4 (+/- 11.5) in Group 1. The level of autophagy was 49.50 (+/- 8.58) in Group 3, 27.17 (+/- 5.53) in Group 2, and 21.00 (+/- 5.66) in Group 1. All the differences between the groups were statistically significant (p< 0.01). Conclusion: Quercetin reduces apoptosis and increases autophagy, thereby increasing tissue viability in the zone of stasis of burn injury.Öğe The effect of platelet-rich plasma in inactive form on the burn zone of stasis in rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Orhan, Erkan; Sapmaz-Metin, Melike; Tarladacalisir-Topcu, Yeter; Gunduz, Ozgur; Kaya, OktayThe protection of the burn stasis zone tissues (BSZT) reduces the width and depth of the burn injury. In this study, it is aimed to show the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the burn zone of stasis. Seventy-two Wistar rats were used in the study. PRP was obtained from the blood taken from eight rats. The remaining 64 rats were divided into four groups. In Group 1, only the burn procedure was performed. In Group 2, 0.3 cc of physiological saline solution, in Group 3, 0.3 cc of platelet-poor plasma and in Group 4, 0.3 cc of PRP were intradermally injected into BSZT after burn procedure. 21.5% of the tissues in Group 1, 20.8% in Group 2, 27.0% in Group 3, and 69.6% in Group 4 were found to be alive. The autophagic cell number average was calculated as 340 in Group 1, 340 in Group 2, 335 in Group 3 and 450 in Group 4, while the average number of cells stained with Nrf2 was calculated as 225 in Group 1, 245 in Group 2, 250 in Group 3 and 370 in Group 4. When the groups were compared in terms of the living tissue ratio, autophagy and number of cells stained with Nrf2, the values in Group 4 were found to be statistically significantly higher compared to Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3, while there was no difference between Groups 1, 2 and 3. This study has shown that PRP has a protective effect on BSZT.Öğe The effects of epidermal growth factor on early burn-wound progression in rats(Wiley, 2020) Kaya, Oktay; Orhan, Erkan; Sapmaz-Metin, Melike; Topcu-Tarladacalisir, Yeter; Gunduz, Ozguer; Aydin, BilgehanAfter burns, protecting tissues by medicines in the zone of stasis reduces the width and depth of injury. This study's goal was to reduce burned tissue damage in the zone of stasis using epidermal growth factor (EGF). Forty-eight Wistar rats were separated into three groups. In all groups, the burn procedure was applied following the comb burn model. In Group 1, no postburn treatment was administered. In Group 2, physiological saline solution (0.3 cc) was injected intradermally and in Group 3, EGF (0.3 cc) was injected intradermally into stasis zone tissues after the burn procedure. Surviving tissue rates were 24.0% in Group 1, 25.3% in Group 2, and 70.2% in Group 3. The average numbers of cells stained with Nrf2, HO-1, and the number of apoptotic cells were 230, 150, and 17.5 in Group 1, 230, 145, and 15.0 in Group 2, and 370, 230, and 0 in Group 3, respectively. Values in Group 3 were found to be statistically significantly different than those of Groups 1 and 2; there was no difference between Groups 1 and 2. This study shows that EGF protects zone of stasis tissue from burn damage.Öğe Finansal aracı kurumlarda hile denetimi ve örnek uygulama(Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2016) Orhan, Erkan; Demirel, Enginİnsanlık tarihinde uzun bir geçmisi olan hileler, bu gün insan unsurunun ticari hayatın vazgeçilmez bir parçası olması nedeniyle sirketlerin yaygın bir gerçeğidir. Günümüzde gelisen teknolojik imkanlar ile birlikte yapılan hilelerde hem sıklık açısından, hem tutar açısından hem de görülme alanları bakımından ciddi bir artıs söz konusudur. Kurumsal bir problem haline gelen hileler, sirketlere büyük çaplı ekonomik zararlar vermesinin yanı sıra sonuçları itibariyle itibar kaybına da yol açmaktadırlar. Sirketlerde muhasebe hilelerinin, finansal tablolara yansıması durumunda basta isletme sahipleri, yatırımcılar ve çalısanlar olmak üzere, devlet, kredi sağlayanlar ile isletmeyle ticari iliskide olan diğer taraflar gibi birçok kesim zarar görmektedir. Basta mevduat olmak üzere bütün finansal enstrümanların toplandığı ve ekonominin bütün aktörleri ile temas halinde olan finans sektöründe karsılasılan hileler ise birbiri ardına iflaslara ve hatta ülke ekonomilerinde oldukça büyük maddi zararlara neden olabilmektedir. Yukarıda da bahsettiğimiz nedenlerden dolayı basta finansal aracı kurumlar olmak üzere tüm sirketlerin hile denetimi konusuna gereken önemi göstermeleri ve hileleri gerçeklestikten sonra tespit etmeye odaklanmak yerine gerçeklesmeden önlemeye odaklanmaları yerinde olacaktır.Öğe Transferring the protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on skin flap among rats by blood serum(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Orhan, Erkan; Gunduz, Ozgur; Kaya, Oktay; Oznur, Meltem; Sahin, ErtanThe aim of this study was to show whether the protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on flaps can be transferred among different individuals with the transfusion of blood serum. Blood serum was taken from rats without any procedure (Group x), rats 1 hour (Group y) and 24 hours (Group z) after performing RIPC and the remaining rats were divided into six groups. While the random pattern skin flap was performed only in the back region in Group 1, and it was performed 1 hour (Group 2) and 24 hours (Group 3) after induction RIPC. Flap surgery was performed after the intravenous injection of serum obtained from Group x in Group 4, from Group y in Group 5, and from Group z in Group 6. After 7 days, the ratios of viable areas in the flaps of the remaining rats were calculated. When the viable area ratios in the flaps to the whole flap area were calculated, it was found out that the viable area ratios in Group 2 (61.6%), Group 3 (75.6%) and Group 6 (74.2%) were statistically significantly higher compared to Group 1 (51.5%), Group 4 (52.6%) and Group 5 (58.7%), that viable area ratios in Groups 3 and 6 were statistically significantly higher compared to Group 2, and that there was no difference between Groups 3 and 6. This study showed that RIPC forms a protective effect on the flaps and that this effect could be transferred among individuals with blood serum.