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    Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunreactivity and the Ultrastructure of Endothelial Cells of Umbilical Artery in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2010) Kanter, Mehmet; Gurbuz, Hulya; Okman, Tulay Kilic
    Our objective was to investigate the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immuno-reactivity and the ultrastructure of endothelial cells of a human umbilical artery in both normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. The umbilical cords from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies were collected immediately after vaginal and abdominal deliveries. Umbilical arteries were isolated and fixed in 10% neutral formaline solution, embedded in paraffin, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for the histologic investigation, and eNOS activation were examined in samples by streptavidine-biotine immunohistochemical methods. The arterial sections were also fixed in phosphate-buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution (pH 7.2) for 3 h and post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide at 4 C for 2 h for the investigation of the ultrastructural examination. In the umbilical artery of preeclamptic pregnancies, endothelial cells were oval, triangular, or polygonal, and were disorganized. Some endothelial cells were separated by enlarged intercellular spaces. A dilated endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, and vanished mitochondrial cristae were observed. The nuclei of some endothelial cells displayed deep invaginations and irregular outlines. Most endothelial cells had a high number of cytoplasmic vacuoles. In preeclampsia, eNOS immunoreactivity increased considerably in endothelial cells when compared to normal pregnancies. We believe that preeclampsia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelial cell dysfunction and activation in the umbilical artery. However, the disturbance mechanism of endothelial cells is not known, and further studies are necessary to clarify the exact mechanism.
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    Soluble endothelial protein C receptor level in obesity
    (Editrice Kurtis S R L, 2009) Taskiran, Bengur; Guldiken, Sibel; Demir, Ahmet Muzaffer; Okman, Tulay Kilic
    Background and aims: Obesity is a common disorder and is a known risk factor for vascular thrombotic events. The protein C anticoagulant system serves many anti-inflammatory functions. The soluble form of endothelial protein C (sEPCR) circulating in plasma precludes protein C activation and inhibits the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C. The aim of the study is to determine high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble EPCR levels among obese women. Methods: Seventy five postmenopausal women were enrolled in to one of two groups according to body mass index (BMI), 45 obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) and 30 non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m(2)). Plasma levels of soluble EPCR and hsCRP were determined by ELISA. Results: HsCRP was significantly higher in the obese subjects compared to their non-obese counterparts (0.90 +/- 1.25 mg/l vs 0.46 +/- 0.45 mg/l, p=0.006). Soluble EPCR levels did not differ between the obese and non-obese groups (p=0.494). HsCRP was positively correlated with BMI and waist circumference (r=0.341, p=0.004; r=0.348, p=0.04, respectively). Soluble EPCR showed no significant correlation with these measures. Conclusions: We also detected a wide range of interindividual variability in sEPCR level (40.77-892.82 ng/ml for non obese, 6.09-1339.25 ng/ml for obese). Although the obese had higher sEPCR, the difference was not statistically significant. A well-established inflammatory marker, hsCRP was significantly higher in the obese. There was no relation between hsCRP and sEPCR. Consequently we suggest that sEPCR does not contribute to the inflammation and increased propensity for coagulation in the postmenopausal stage. Obesity and Metabolism 2009; 5: 134-138.