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    The effects of quercetin on bone minerals, biomechanical behavior, and structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    (Wiley, 2007) Kanter, Mehmet; Altan, Mehmet Fatih; Donmez, Senayi; Ocakci, Ayse; Kartal, Murat Emre
    This study was designed to investigate the effect of quercetin (QE) on bone minerals and biomechanics in insulin-dependent diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by 50 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) in a single dose. The rats were randomly allotted into four experimental groups: A (control), B (non-diabetic + QE), C (diabetic), and D (diabetic + QE) each containing 10 animals. The diabetic rats received QE (15 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) for 4 weeks following 8 weeks of STZ injection. Blood samples were taken to determine glucose, insulin, calcium, and magnesium levels. The rats' femora were assessed biomechanically at femoral mid-diaphysis and neck. It was found that QE treatment increased insulin, calcium, and magnesium levels. Three-point bending of the femoral mid-diaphysis and necks showed significantly lower maximum load values (F-max) in animals in the STZ group than the QE + STZ or control groups (p < 0.05). The results support the conclusion that QE treatment may decrease blood glucose and increase plasma insulin, calcium, and magnesium. QE treatment may also be effective in bone mineral metabolism, biomechanical strength, and bone structure in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Protective effects of thymoquinone and methotrexate on the renal injury in collagen-induced arthritis
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2006) Budancamanak, Mustafa; Kanter, Mehmet; Demirel, Adnan; Ocakci, Ayse; Uysal, Hamdi; Karakaya, Cengiz
    The goal of this investigation was to study the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and methotrexate (MTX) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. On day 0 under ether anesthesia, the experimental groups were immunized with 0.5 mg native chick collagen II (CII) solubilized in 0.1 M acetic acid and emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Control rats were gavaged with vehicle, whereas CII was administered intradermally. In addition, arthritis treated with TQ group received TQ (10 mg kg(-1) stop bw by gavage once a week for 3 weeks starting on day 0); and arthritis treated with MTX group received MTX (MTX was suspended in corn oil and administered by gavage at 1 mg kg(-1) stop bw once a week for 3 weeks starting on day 0). A significant decrease in the incidence and severity of arthritis by clinical and radiographic assessments was found in recipients of therapy, compared with that of controls. The MTX treatment significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the elevated serum NO, urea and creatinine in arthritic rats. Likewise, TQ treatment was also able to reduce significantly (P < 0.05) serum NO, urea and creatinine levels, but to lesser extent than MTX. The histopathologic abnormalities are consistent with the hydropic epithelial cell degenerations and moderate tubular dilatation in the some proximal and distal tubules. The severity of the degenerative changes in most of the shrunken glomerules and vascular congestion were also observed in arthritic animals. Preventive treatment of TQ and especially MTX significantly inhibited kidney dysfunction and this histopathologic alterations. These studies indicate that TQ can be used similar to MTX as a safe and effective therapy for CIA and may be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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    Role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an active component of propolis, against NAOH-induced esophageal burns in rats
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2006) Ocakci, Ayse; Kanter, Mehmet; Cabuk, Mehmet; Buyukbas, Sadik
    Objectives: This study was evaluated to investigate the efficacy of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is a natural honeybee product exhibits a spectrum of biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumoral actions, on the prevention of stricture development after esophageal caustic injuries in the rat. Methods: Thirty healthy mate Wistar albino rats were utilized in this study. The rats were randomly allotted into one of three experimental groups: group A (sham) animals were uninjured. Caustic esophageal burn was created by applying 1 ml 37.5% NaOH to the distal esophagus. Group B rats were injured but untreated. Group C rats were injured and received CAPE (10 mu mol/kg/day i.p. for 28 days). Efficacy of the treatment was assessed by measuring the esophageal transit time, stenosis index, histopathologic damage score and biochemically by determining tissue hydroxyproline content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities. Results: The esophageal. transit time, the stenosis index, histopathologic damage score and the hydroxyproline level were significantly increased in the untreated group compared with the sham and CAPE-treated groups. Treatment with CAPE decreased tissue hydroxyproline Levels, histological damage, and the stenosis index, but except the esophageal transit time. Caustic esophageal burn also increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities in the untreated group. CAPE treatments decreased the elevated lipid peroxidation and also increased the reduced antioxidant enzyme activities. In corrosive esophageal burn group with no treatment, the most consistent findings were degenerative changes and increased in submucosal collagen content, and the luminal narrowing. CAPE treatment protected esophagus. Nevertheless, there was the slight increase in submucosal collagen. Conclusions: It is concluded that CAPE has a preventive effect on the stricture development after esophageal caustic injuries in the rat. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.