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    A CASE STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF BUILDING ENVELOPE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
    (Silesian Univ Technology, 2020) Aydin, Dincer; Mihlayanlar, Esma
    The building envelope, the most important element in the energy consumption of a building, gains more importance due to the large amount of the surface area of building's facade in high-rise buildings. The energy consumption of these buildings is increasing depending on their high transparency ratio as a result of decrease in the thermal resistance of the facade. The aim of this study is to show the importance of building envelope design in energy efficiency of high-rise residential buildings and to analyze the effect of the building envelope design on energy consumption. Turkey's highest residential building from 2010 to 2017 was selected for the case building. DesignBuilder program with the EnergyPlus simulation engine was used for energy analysis of the building. The energy consumption results were compared with the other study data in the literature. As a consequence of the simulation conducted according to the existing facade of the building, 25% of the energy is used for heating and 14% for cooling in total energy consumption. It has been found that the building envelope designed with double-layered air corridor can offer the maximum level of residential comfort to the occupants. This study shows that the building facade with air corridor also reduces energy consumption by 30% compared to the same sized buildings.
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    Condensation Control of Insulated and Uninsulated Concrete Walls in the Periodic Regime: The Case of Edirne
    (Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2011) Umarogullari, Filiz; Gedik, Gulay Zorer; Mihlayanlar, Esma
    Sustainability is the sum of the precautions and conditions necessary to sustain life on earth. The major elements of sustainable design are choice of material and the building's post-construction performance. The most important factor in terms of building management is energy usage. On building envelope sections which are created to provide energy savings, the value of evaluating water vapor movement is often overlooked. Levels of condensation should not exceed the limits specified in the regulations. This is because the condensed water must not harm the building material or dry it out during the evaporation period. However, the thermal resistance of the building material is affected during the process before the drying period. Deterioration of the insulation material over time means that many theoretical level calculations do not reflect the true situation. In addition, due to the fact that the standards of some of these calculations are done in steady state conditions, realistic results cannot be achieved. If special precautions are not taken with regards to this, condensation damage occurs on the building elements. In this study of the climate conditions in Edirne, calculations are made using the computer program WUFI (R) 2D-3 for buildings' most frequently condensed reinforced concrete wall elements. Insulated and uninsulated wall sections are modeled for periodically changing external and constant internal environmental conditions. For comparison purposes, the reinforced concrete walls are calculated, first for non-insulation, and then insulated with different position of isolation. The calculated results obtained from the WUFI (R) 2D-3 program are shown in graphic form.
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    Determination of the significance of project delivery attributes (PDAs) on sustainable projects in Turkey
    (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2022) Aydin, Dincer; Mihlayanlar, Esma
    PurposeMany parameters influence the success of sustainable projects (SPs) in the architecture-engineering-construction. One of these important parameters is the project delivery attributes (PDA), which are influenced by the project delivery system (PDS) while affecting the selection of it. This study aims to evaluate the significance of PDAs in influencing both the performance and success of SPs in Turkey, where the interest in SPs is high. Design/methodology/approachThe impact of PDAs was determined by applying the two-round Delphi method with a semistructured interview involving the main stakeholders of a construction project, like owners, designers, contractors and consultants who played active roles in SPs, as well as academics to theoretically evaluate the issue. The significance of PDAs was assessed using the relative importance index, and the results were validated using the interrater agreement analysis. FindingsThe study identified key PDAs impacting SPs as owner character, commitment and motivation; simulation and energy modelling; and timing of stakeholders/early involvement. Originality/valueThe investigation of the significance of the PDAs is a lesser-studied context. Therefore, a research framework that enables an effective set of methods for solving the sectoral problems of PDAs that have impacts on SPs has been proposed. The framework is expected to open new opportunities for the generation and regulation of the PDSs for SPs. The findings will provide valuable insights to project stakeholders, particularly owners, local authorities and policymakers to assess which PDAs have a greater impact on sustainability performance when setting PDSs in SPs in other developing countries.
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    Investigation and characterization of black crusts on limestone at historical buildings in the cities of Istanbul and Edirne (Turkey)
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Yildiz, Ali; Kucukkaya, Ayse Gulcin; Mihlayanlar, Esma
    The formation of black crust upon building stones and the resulting damage depend upon the fabric of the stone and atmospheric effects. The formation of black crust on limestone occurs more rapidly and distinctly compared to stones such as granite and sandstone, in which the mineral calcite is absent or in small quantities in its composition. In this study, black crust formation developed on the surfaces of limestone in Istanbul and Edirne, where important historical monuments belonging to the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires are located, were examined visually, microscopically, and experimentally. The factors causing the development of this crust and their effects on weathering were determined, and comparative analyses of the black crust with the sub-layer stone were made. In addition, by classifying the morphology, chemical structure, mineralogical composition, and damage to the stone by the black crust, chemical, and physical weathering that causes surface deterioration on the stone and back of the crust were examined. Physical (Schmidt hammer), mineralogical (X-ray diffraction), petrographic (polarizing microscopy), chemical (inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry), and microstructural (field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry) analyses were carried out to characterize this process. The black crust formation on limestone was shown to be caused by sulfation.
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    An Investigation For Indoor Environmental Quality In High-Rise Residential Buildings
    (Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2017) Aydin, Dincer; Mihlayanlar, Esma
    High-rise buildings are constantly changing and developing since they first began to be constructed. When the development of high-rise buildings is examined, most are found being used as offices. However, according to the changing economic, social and cultural requirements of contemporary urban life, this function has been declining, and high-rise office buildings have been replaced with residential apartments. Although high-rise buildings are still primarily used as offices around the world (45%), more than 50% are used as residential buildings in Turkey. As people spend a considerable amount of time in residential spaces, high-rise buildings must also offer standard residence comforts to their users when functioning residentially. In this study, the influence of physical indoor environment parameters in high-rise residential buildings on their indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is examined. Selected national and international buildings are compared in terms of IEQ-determining parameters. To construct new high-rise residential buildings, methods-design, planning, technology, material, and application-that do not affect user health negatively and enhances the user productivity and energy efficiency have been determined. High- rise buildings can be designed to be environment friendly, energy efficient, and sustainable. However, the applicability of these factors decreases with per-meter increases in the building height. The study result indicates building skin as the most important component for obtaining an ideal IEQ. The design of the building envelope as a single facade can hamper the IEQ sustainability as well as occupant safety. However, designing the building envelope as a double skin facade offers thermal comfort with layered structure, fresh indoor air quality with opportunities for natural ventilation, acoustic comfort with noise absorption, and illumination comfort with sun control elements and can easily and sustainably ensure IEQ and occupant safety.
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    Investigation of Earthquake Behaviour of Construction System and Materials in Traditional Turkish Architecture
    (E D P Sciences, 2018) Yardimli, Seyhan; Dal, Murat; Mihlayanlar, Esma
    In this study, it is aimed to present a point of view regarding the behaviour of construction systems implemented in traditional Turkish architecture against earthquakes. In the scope of the study, examples of civil architecture were considered and their structures were evaluated as building elements such as foundation, wall and flooring. Traditional Turkish architecture construction systems can be evaluated in two parts. One of them is the wooden carcass system and the other is the unreinforced masonry system. In the wooden carcass system, the carrier is the load bearing elements used in horizontal and vertical directions. Intermediate parts (strut, diagonal etc.) are placed between these elements to form triangles. The triangles (strut, diagonal) used in the wooden skeleton system comprise highly resistant forms against earthquakes. Moreover, due to the internal structure and physical properties of the wood, which is the skeleton material, the flexibility that it maintains can meet the lateral loads of earthquakes. The second construction system which is the system addressed in this application, is the unreinforced masonry system. In this system, the loadbearing system itself is the walls, which are not resistant to lateral loads. In order to provide this flexibility beams (hatillar) are installed at certain intervals. After the wall is built to a certain height, a different material is laid allowing a plane of movement on the wall. Thus, when the wall is exposed to a lateral load, it escapes from the planes where the beams (hatillar) are present, and is protected against large damages by absorbing the earthquake load. In order to establish that the foundation of the structure can withstand earthquakes by movement, wood is placed at the lower part of the foundation above a layer of sand ensuring lateral movement and flexibility of the building. In traditional buildings the slabs are connected to the building walls with beams (hatillar). Through the agency of the beams (hatillar) formed at the connection points, the slabs can act as a mass so that they can meet the earthquake load. Allowing the structure to move makes it resistant to earthquakes, seismic isolators are used for this purpose by absorbing the earthquake load and moving the foundation of the structure.
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    Mechanical properties of mortars with EarthZyme additive
    (Croatian Soc Civil Engineers-Hsgi, 2023) Cihan, Mehmet Timur; Yardimli, Seyhan; Ozsahin, Burak; Mihlayanlar, Esma
    Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. However, owing to the high CO2 emissions from the production of cement, its use has been questioned, and attempts have been made to improve it. Various chemical additives are being used to improve concrete properties. Enzymes are organic materials and have been especially favoured in recent years owing to their low costs when used in traditional soil stabilisation methods. This study used the 'EarthZyme' enzyme as a plaster mortar additive and investigated its effects on the mechanical properties of mortars. EarthZyme completely biodegrades in nature and is used for soil stabilisation. By producing mortar specimens with additive enzyme ratios of 0 %, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.03 %, and 0.04 %, the effects of the enzyme additions on the mechanical properties of the mortars (ultrasonic pulse velocity UPV, flexural strength ff and compressive strength fc) were determined. The flow table values of the mortar specimens in the flow table test varied within the range of 15-17 cm. According to the results, the flow table values of the mortars increase with an increasing addition rate of EarthZyme. Although the additive ratio of the EarthZyme does not significantly affect the mechanical properties of mortars at early ages (3 days), the enzyme addition ratio reduces the UPV and fc while improving ff at late ages (28 days). The enzyme addition ratio has no significant effect on the UPV and ff but has a significant effect on fc.