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    Antimicrobial evaluation of Tripleurospermum callosum (Boiss. & Heldr.) E. Hossain extracts using in vitro and in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model against urinary system pathogens
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Goger, Gamze; Yuksel, Deniz; Goger, Fatih; Kose, Yavuz Bulent; Demirci, Fatih
    Tripleurospermum callosum (Boiss. & Heldr.) E. Hossain was recorded in Turkish ethnobotanical data for its use against urinary and respiratory system ailments. Infusion, decoction and 96% ethanol extracts of T. callosum aerial parts were prepared for in vitro antimicrobial activity against urinary system pathogens Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 1348 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The non-toxic concentrations of extracts and in vivo antimicrobial assay were performed using C. elegans. The extracts were analysed by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for phytochemical composition. The water extracts were non-toxic at between 5000 and 312 mu g/mL, while 96% ethanol extract at 312 mu g/mL for C. elegans. The infusion extract showed in vivo anti-infective effect 5000-312 mu g/mL against Gram-negative strains. The results indicate a potential role of plant extracts with relatively non-toxic and anti-infective effects against urinary system pathogens.
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    Phytochemical Characterization of Phenolic Compounds by LC-MS/MS and Biological Activities of Ajuga reptans L., Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreber and Ajuga genevensis L. from Turkey
    (Galenos Publ House, 2021) Goger, Gamze; Kose, Yavuz Bulent; Demirci, Fatih; Goger, Fatih
    Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to characterize the phenolic contents of Ajuga reptans L., Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreber and Ajuga genevensis L. and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: Air dried aerial parts of A. reptans L., A. salicifolia (L.) Schreber, and A. genevensis L. collected from Turkey were extracted with methanol (70%), and the phenolic composition of the crude extracts was analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. To determine the total phenolic content the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used. The radical scavenging activities of the extracts were evaluated by the photometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays (TEAC). Furthermore, Ajuga sp. extracts were tested against Escherichia coli NRRL B3008, Staphylococcus areus ATCC 6538, Salmonella thyphimurium ATCC 13311, Bacillus cereus NRRL B-3711, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida tropicalis ATCC 1369, and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 using the in vitro broth dilution assay. Results: The LC-MS/MS analyses identified 19 compounds. The amount of total phenolics ranged from 30.0 to 42.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g in all extracts. According to the results of TEAC assay, the tested extracts were found to have relatively high activity at 1.2-1.5 mM concentrations. Ajuga sp. extracts inhibited all tested microorganisms; however, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis exhibited relatively more susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration: 156.25 mu g/mL) compared to the bacteria tested. Conclusion: The antioxidant activities of all extracts were determined for the first time by the TEAK method, and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of A. salicifolia was investigated for the first time against selected strains.
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    Volatiles and fatty acid analyzes of Tripleurospermum decipiens (Fisch & C. A. Mey) Bornm and investigation of the extracts for antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activities
    (Marmara Univ, 2021) Goger, Gamze; Yavas, Irem; Yur, Suleyman; Kose, Yavuz Bulent; Ozek, Gulmira
    In this study, the volatiles were obtained from aerial parts of Tripleurospermum decipiens (Fisch & C.A.Mey) Bornm with microsteam distillation - solid phase microextraction (MSD-SMPE) technique. The fatty acids from T. decipiens were obtained by using the microextraction method with subsequent transesterification with boron trifluoride reagent. The chemical compositions of the volatiles and fatty acid methyl esters was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC / MS) techniques. n-Hexane (TDH) and methanol (TDM) extracts of T. decipiens were investigated for acetylcholineterase (AChE), alpha-amylase enzyme inhibitions and antimicrobial activities. In vitro inhibition of AChE was monitored by using Ellman's chromogenic agent, and antidiabetic effects of the extracts were spectrophometrically evaluated by inhibition of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase enzyme. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated against Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Bacillus subtilis subsp spizizeni ATCC 6633, B. subtilis ATCC 19654, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 13048, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 by microdilution method. In vitro.-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity was observed for methanol extract (55.6%) at 10 mg/mL. The highest AChE inhibition was recorded for n-hexane extract (58.8%) at concentration (10 mg/mL). The extracts were found to be effective against B. subtilis ATCC 19654, B. subtilis subsp spizizeni ATCC 6633, S. aureus ATCC 6538 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019.