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    Combination of Docetaxel and Gemcitabine Ineffective in Metastatic Eccrine Porocarcinoma: A Case Report
    (Kare Publ, 2017) Kodaz, Hilmi; Hacioglu, Muhammet Bekir; Kostek, Osman; Erdogan, Bulent; Tastekin, Ebru; Kodaz, Cagnur Elpen; Cicin, Irfan
    Malignant eccrine porocarcinoma is a very rare tumor and the etiology is not known. Treatment is surgical removal of the tumor. The benefit of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is unclear. A 49-year-old male patient presented with the complaint of left inguinal swelling. Ultrasonography examination revealed 5x4 cm inguinal lymphadenopathy. The inguinal lymph nodes were excised. Pathology report indicated eccrine porocarcinoma. The patient was treated with cisplatin 40 mg/m(2) week as well as concurrent radiotherapy for 5 weeks. After 6 weeks of dual therapy, liver metastases were detected. KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF tests were negative. Gemcitabine was administered at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 21 days, and docetaxel was administered at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) on day 8, every 21 days. There was progression after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The patient lived 7 months. In this case, use of synchronous cisplatin and radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment could not prevent tumor metastasis. The combination chemotherapy of docetaxel and gemcitabine applied after metastatic disease development was ineffective.
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    Frequency of RAS Mutations (KRAS, NRAS, HRAS) in Human Solid Cancer
    (Kare Publ, 2017) Kodaz, Hilmi; Kostek, Osman; Hacioglu, Muhammet Bekir; Erdogan, Bulent; Kodaz, Cagnur Elpen; Hacibekiroglu, Ilhan; Turkmen, Esma
    RAS oncogene affects numerous cellular functions including growth, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, division and differentiation of the cells. It has 3 known isoforms as Harvey- RAS (HRAS), Kirsten - RAS (KRAS) and Neuroblastoma-RAS (NRAS). RAS has an intrinsic GTPase activity. It encodes proteins binding the guanine nucleotides. KRAS and HRAS were discovered in studies carried out on viruses leading to cancer. Retroviral oncogenes related to murine sarcoma virus genes (Kristen Rat Sarcoma Virus and Murine Sarcoma Virus) were discovered in 1982. These two oncogenes are similar to human KRAS. Approximately 30% of all human cancers have ras genes. Mutations in KRAS account for about 85% for all RAS mutations in human tumors, NRAS is about 11-15%, and HRAS is about 1%.