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Öğe Assessment of the effects of COVID-19 lockdown period on groundwater quality of a significant rice land in an urban area of Turkiye(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Tokatli, Cem; Titiz, Ahmet Mirac; Ugurluoglu, Alper; Islam, Md. Saiful; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Islam, Abu Reza Md. TowfiqulIn the current research, the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on groundwater quality of Lower Meric Plain (Thrace Region of Turkiye) was evaluated. Some significant nutrient characteristics (NO3-, NO2-, and PO43-), salinity characteristics (EC, TDS, and salinity), and physical characteristics (temperature, DO, pH, and turbidity) were investigated in groundwater samples collected from 45 sampling points in pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. Water quality index (WQI) and nutrient pollution index (NPI), Pearson correlation index (PCI), cluster analysis (CA), one-way ANOVA test (OWAT), and factor analysis (FA) were applied to assess ecological risk. Excluding recorded statistical differences in temperature and DO due to climatic conditions (p < 0.05), levels of all the investigated water quality parameters show no statistically significant differences and no significant reduction in pollutants measured in the lockdown period. On the contrary, the WQI and NPI scores have increased between the rates of 4.76-27.10% during the lockdown period. In the lockdown period, although the reduction of industry or limited production of many industrial facilities reduced the inorganic contaminant releases to the environment, ongoing agricultural activities and domestic wastes caused to prevent the reduction of organic pollutants in groundwater of the region during the lockdown period.Öğe Effects of COVID-19 era on a subtropical river basin in Bangladesh: Heavy metal(loid)s distribution, sources and probable human health risks(Elsevier, 2023) Jawad-Ul-Haque; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Islam, Md. Saiful; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Tokatli, Cem; Islam, Aznarul; Pal, Subodh ChandraThe COVID-19 era has profoundly affected everyday human life, the environment, and freshwater ecosystems world-wide. Despite the numerous influences, a strict COVID-19 lockdown might improve the surface water quality and thus provide an unprecedented opportunity to restore the degraded freshwater resource. Therefore, we intend to investi-gate the spatiotemporal water quality, sources, and preliminary health risks of heavy metal(loid)s in the Karatoya River basin (KRB), a tropical urban river in Bangladesh. Seventy water samples were collected from 35 stations in KRB in 2019 and 2022 during the dry season. The results showed that the concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr were significantly reduced by 89.3-99.7 % during the post-lockdown period (p < 0.05). However, pH, Fe, Mn, and As concentrations increased due to the rise of urban waste and the usage of disinfectants during the post-Öğe A pioneering study on health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water in Thrace Region of northwest Turkiye(Elsevier, 2022) Tokatli, Cem; Islam, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul; Onur, Sirin Guener; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Islam, Md. Saiful; Dindar, Mediha BueyuekgozeFluoride has a pivotal importance in dental health and the main source of fluoride intake by humans is known as drinking water. Fluoride intake that is excessive or insufficient may have negative impacts on infants and children, including dental caries and fluorosis. The Ipsala District is located in the south-west part of Edirne City, which is a major agricultural land in Turkiye's Thrace Region. The aim of the present research was to determine the fluoride accumulations in drinking water and to assess and compare the non-carcinogenic health risks of fluoride via daily human intake in drinking water of the Ipsala District and connected villages. A total of 23 drinking water samples were collected during the wet season of 2021. The fluoride levels of villages were measured by using a spectrophotometric method, and estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of fluoride were calculated for all the investigated locations separately. Fluoride concentrations in Ipsala District drinking water ranged from 0.02 to 0.192 ppm. The mean EDI data in infants, children, teenagers, and adults was recorded as 0.00076, 0.00538, 0.00380, and 0.00304 ppm, respectively. All the calculated HQ values in terms of all age groups were recorded as less than the critical limit of 1, with a mean of 0.01267 for infants, 0.08972 for children, 0.06333 for teenagers, and 0.05075 for adults, which means there is no non-carcinogenic health risk in terms of fluoride accumulations in drinking water. Children are more sensitive than all the age groups in terms of health risk associated with fluoride intake from the study region. The findings of this research will aid the respective authorities in developing better policies to safeguard children from fluoride exposure.Öğe Potentially toxic elements in vegetable and rice species in Bangladesh and their exposure assessment(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Islam, Md. Saiful; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Phoungthong, Khamphe; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Tokatli, Cem; Ahmed, Ramal; Ibrahim, Khalid A.Five different types of vegetable and six rice cultivars were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to evaluate the levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and health risk to the adults and children. The mean ranges of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in samples were 0.85-1.96, 7.56-21.45, 6.94-23.82, 5.7430.87, 4.70-32.76, 0.14-1.05, 0.03-0.25 and 0.50-1.12 mg/kg dw, respectively. The mean concentrations of PTEs in all fresh vegetables and rice samples were higher than the maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs), indicating these foods are contaminated by PTEs and might pose risk to the consumers. Mean removal of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, As, Cd and Pb from rice grains were 34, 31, 37, 34, 38, 59, 37 and 33%, respectively due to the effect of cooking. The THQ values for Ni, Cu, Mn, As and Pb from individual food item were higher than unity, indicating non-carcinogenic risks.Öğe Water quality assessment of Sehriban stream (Kastamonu, TurkIye) from a multi-statistical perspective(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Mutlu, Ekrem; Tokatli, Cem; Islam, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul; Islam, Md. Saiful; Muhammad, SaidIn this paper, water quality of Sehriban Stream, a rare freshwater ecosystem far from human impact and located in the western part of Turkiye's Karadeniz Region, was studied over a long period of time (a hydrological year). Multivariate statistical approaches such as Pearson Correlation Index (PCI), Factor Analysis (FA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and self-organising maps (SOM) were used to evaluate the water quality and physico-chemical datasets. Samples were taken monthly during February 2019 - January 2020 from 12 stations and a total of 21 physicochemical parameters were investigated. The spatiotemporal averages of some organic pollution parameters investigated in the basin were determined as follows: 344 mu S/cm for EC, 0.80 mg/L for COD, 0.42 mg/L for BOD, 0.02 mg/L for PO42-, 34.4 mg/L for SO42-, 0.00009 mg/L for NO2, 1.36 mg/L for NO3 and 0.0002 mg/L for NH4-. According to the findings of this study, despite a modest decline in water quality from upstream to downstream, Sehriban Stream was revealed to have first-class water quality features in general and all parameters detected in all seasons at all the investigated stations were below the limit values reported by WHO. The SOM analysis detected three spatial patterns, e.g. pH-salinity-K+-PO42--Mg2+-NO2; DO-Ca2+-NH4- and TDS-EC-Cl--SO42--COD-BOD-Na+ in water. As a result of PCI, significant positive and negative correlations were recorded among the investigated parameters. Results of FA showed that 2 factors elucidated 85% of total variances, which are named 'Agricultural Factor' and 'Natural Factor'. As a result of CA, 3 significant clusters were identified, which are named 'Lower Polluted Zone', 'Moderate Polluted Zone' and 'Higher Polluted Zone'. Overall, this work showed that multi-statistical approaches can be used to assess the water quality in a rare, unpolluted habitat over time and space.
