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    Anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of ceftriaxone in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2011) Gunduz, Ozgur; Oltulu, Cagatay; Buldum, Dilek; Guven, Rabia; Ulugol, Ahmet
    Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that beta lactam antibiotics offer neuroprotection by increasing glutamate transporter expression. Moreover, these antibiotics have been shown to prevent the development of tolerance and dependence to opioids, and reduce visceral and nerve injury-induced neuropathic nociceptive responses. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of a beta lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, on mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia in diabetic rats. Diabetes was produced with the injection of a single dose of streptozocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and this procedure resulted in neuropathic pain behaviors in the hindpaws. Mechanical allodynia was detected with an electronic aesthesiometer, and mechanical hyperalgesia was studied using the method of Randall-Selitto. With its higher doses, ceftriaxone (100, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced both mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. Dihydrokainic acid (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective GLT-1 transporter inhibitor, reversed the anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of ceftriaxone, at doses that produced no effect on its own. Our results indicate that ceftriaxone exerts an antinociceptive effect in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and GLT-1 activation by beta lactam antibiotics may be a promising option in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Pharmacological and behavioral characterization of the saphenous chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats
    (Springer, 2011) Gunduz, Ozgur; Oltulu, Cagatay; Guven, Rabia; Buldum, Dilek; Ulugol, Ahmet
    The aim of the present study was to develop a new experimental pain model by adapting the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of the sciatic nerve to the exclusively sensory saphenous nerve in rats. Animals were divided into na < ve, sham, and two experimental groups, in which two or four 4-0 chromic gut ligatures were loosely ligated around the saphenous nerve. Then, behavioral signs of neuropathic pain were observed for 8 weeks. In rats with four ligatures, prominent mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia developed; these behavioral signs were not prominent in rats with two ligatures. Pharmacological analysis was made in rats with four loose ligations; morphine and WIN 55,212-2, a cannabinoid agonist, reversed all of the modalities tested, whereas gabapentin only suppressed mechanical allodynia and amitriptyline only reduced mechanical hyperalgesia. Our data establish a rat model of saphenous CCI with significant allodynia and hyperalgesia, which is sensitive to a number of analgesic compounds.