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Öğe AIRBORNE FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR OF THREE MOSQUES IN EDIRNE CITY, TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Tikvesli, Melek; Asan, Ahmet; Gurcan, Saban; Sen, BurhanThe purpose of our study is to determine the fungal numbers and type of air fungi in indoor and outdoor air ambient of three different mosques in Edirne City. Research materials were taken from indoor and outdoor environments of three different mosques in Edirne once a month during 12 months between October 2008 and September 2009. Samples were taken (in indoor and outdoor environments, 1 minute each of them and 100 liters) from selected stations by using Air Sampling Device (Merck Millipore Air Sampler, Germany). Fungi samples were taken from indoor and outdoor environments of each station approximately 1 m above. Identification of fungi carried out by classical methods such as morphology and colonial characteristics of fungi. 22 fungal genera and 69 fungal species belonging these genera were determined. Cladosporium genus was the most abundant among airborne fungi with 2338 CFU/m(3) (52.90%) It was followed by Penicillium genus with 875 CFU/m(3) (16.55%), Alternaria genus with 457 CFU/m(3) (8.64%) Aspergillus genus with 216 CFU/m(3) (4.08%). About Fungal genera and total microfungi concentrations during the study period, maximum value of fungal concentrations in indoor air was determined as 609 CFU/m(3) (11.52%) in mosque C in September and maximum value in outdoor air was determined as 961 CFU/m(3) (18,18%) at the same place in September. It was observed that fungi concentrations in three mosques were in healthy limit values. Considering whether there is a relationship between fungi and meteorological factors, it was determined that the Alternaria genus was not affected by any meteorological conditions.Öğe Anaplasmosis Seropositivity in People Exposured to Tick Bite(Aves Yayincilik, Ibrahim Kara, 2010) Kilic, Haluk; Gurcan, Saban; Kunduracilar, Hakan; Eskiocak, MuzafferObjectives: It was aimed to investigate anaplasmosis seropositivity in people exposured to tick bite. Materials and Methods: A total of 116 individuals (89 males, 27 females; mean age 43; range 6 to 88 years) with tick bite history in rural areas of Thrace Region were included in this study. Possible risk factors were evaluated by a questionnaire. Sera obtained from volunteers were preserved in 70 C deep freezer until the study is done. Antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum were investigated by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test in the sera. Results: Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum were positive for 29 individuals (25%). Contact with horse/donkey is defined as a risk factor for anaplasmosis seropositivity. Conclusion: Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum were found at high rates in people exposured to tick bite in rural areas of Thrace Region.Öğe ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF ASPERGILLUS SPP. STRAINS ISOLATED FROM INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS CASES(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2010) Gurcan, Saban; Tikvesli, Melek; Eryildiz, Canan; Evci, Canan; Ener, BeyzaAspergillus species found abundantly in the outer environment and hospital setting may lead to serious morbidity and mortality particularly in patients with suppressed immunity This retrospective study was aimed to investigate the antifungal susceptibilities of Aspergillus spp isolated from aspergillosis cases being hospitalized Aspergillus spp. isolated from samples of the patients with suspected fungal infections between January of 2002 and October of 2007, were investigated A total of 678 samples (420 lower respiratory tract, 202 sterile body fluids, and 56 biopsy/tissue specimens) from 569 patients were included in the study. The samples were incubated in 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C on brain-heart-infusion agar supplemented with blood and on Sabouraud dextrose agar Gram and Giemsa stained samples were also examined by microscopy Mold type of fungi were identified by conventional techniques Invasive aspergillosis was described according to criteria of Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. A.fumigatus (n= 8), A.flavus (n= 2) and A niger (n= 2) were isolated from 12 patients' samples (2.1%), 9 of them were lower respiratory tract and one of each was ascid, brain biopsy and pleural fluid specimens. All of those patients have had an underlying diseases such as malignancy The susceptibility of the isolates to caspofungin, voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B was tested by broth microdilution susceptibility testing and to posaconazole by E-test (AB Biodisk, Sweden). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (<= 0.125 mu g/ml) values were detected for caspofungin and posaconazole for Aspergillus spp, however, the highest MIC values were detected for amphotericin B (> 1 mu g/ml) MIC values of the all strains except one, were detected as <= 0 5 mu g/ml for voriconazole and itraconazole In one A niger strain itraconazole MIC value was 2 mu g/ml Since the number of other species was low, MIC(50) value was determined only for A fumigatus strains and it was found that the highest MIC(50) value was for amphotericin B (2 mu g/ml) and the lowest MIC(50) values were for posaconazole (0.064 mu g/ml), caspofungin (0 064 mu g/ml), itraconazol (0 25 mu g/ml) and voriconazol (0.25 mu g/ml). Since caspofungin and posaconazole revealed the lowest MIC values, they should be taken into consideration in choice of therapy of aspergillosis cases in our hospital.Öğe Aspergillus spp. isolations from respiratory tract samples in Trakya University Hospital(Turkish Assoc Tuberculosis & Thorax, 2007) Gurcan, Saban; Demir, Muzaffer; Altiay, Gundeniz; Tikvesli, Melek; Kilic, Haluk; Otkun, MetinThe characteristics of cases diagnosed as aspergillosis and Aspergillus spp. strains isolated from the respiratory tract samples in Mycology Laboratory of Trakya University Hospital between January 2002 and May 2006 were investigated. In this period, 137 bronchoalveolar lavages, 95 sputum, nine tracheal aspirates, three lung biopsies and one bronchial biopsy of 85 patients were processed. The samples were incubated in 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C media by culturing on brain heart infusion agar with blood and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Presence of leucocytes and fungal structures were searched in the smear stained by Gram and Giemsa. The patient was defined as probable aspergillosis case, if he/she patient had clinical findings, lung infiltration or fungus ball radiologically, at least one risk factor predisposing to aspergillosis and isolation of Aspergillus spp. in lower respiratory tract samples without finding of other nonmycotic infection. Of 22 patients isolated Aspergillus spp., 13, six, two, one were internalized in chest diseases, haemotology, neurosurgery and oncology clinics, respectively. Seven positive cultures were considered as findings of aspergillosis. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were isolated in three, two, and two patients, respectively. Fungal structures were detected in only one sample in the direct microscopical examination. Ages of seven patients, five were males and two were females, were between 15 and 60. Predisposing risk factors were acute leukemia in six patients and lung cancer in one patient. Five patients were neutropenic and one was neutrophylic. Fungus ball was detected in radiological imaging of one patient, had a pulmonary cavitary lesion. Conventional amphotericine B was used in their therapies. Antifungal agents were switched to caspofungin and itraconazole in two and one patients, respectively. Three patients died in four weeks after isolation of Aspergillus spp. Aspergillosis cases were not high in our hospital because of absence of transplantation center for bone marrow or solid organ.Öğe Characteristics of the Turkish isolates of Francisella tularensis(Natl Inst Infectious Diseases, 2008) Gurcan, Saban; Karabay, Oguz; Karadenizli, Aynur; Karagol, Cigdem; Kantardjiev, Todor; Ivanov, Ivan N.In this study, cultures of patients with tularemia were evaluated, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of two Francisella tularensis strains were tested by disk diffusion and E-test methods. A high-resolution multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) comprising six variable-number tandem repeat loci was applied to elucidate the genetic relatedness among Turkish and Bulgarian isolates which were isolated in a recent outbreak. The patients were diagnosed in two outbreaks in two cities of Turkey in 2005 and 2006. A total of 16 samples from 12 patients were cultured, and PCR tests were carried out on 15 samples that were positive in five lymph node aspirates and two soft tissue aspirates. F. tularensis was isolated from the lymph nodes of two patients. Aminoglycosides, quinolones, chloramphenicole, tetracyclines, nitrofurantoin, and rifampicin inhibited growth of the isolates. The Turkish isolates appeared to share a common MLVA pattern with one of the four Bulgarian outbreak genotypes.Öğe Combined Effectiveness of Honey and Immunonutrition on Bacterial Translocation Secondary to Obstructive Jaundice in Rats: Experimental Study(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2018) Oguz, Serhat; Salt, Omer; Ibis, Abdil C.; Gurcan, Saban; Albayrak, Dogan; Yalta, Tulin; Sagiroglu, TamerBackground: Obstructive jaundice is a serious, life-threatening condition that can lead to death as a result of sepsis and multiorgan failure due to bacterial translocation. Treatment should be started as soon as possible after diagnosis. Material/Methods: Forty 24-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats, with an average weight of 250 g to 300 g, were included in this study. The rats were randomly placed into five groups, each group consisted of eight rats. The sham group underwent only common bile duct (CBD) dissection and no ligation was performed. CBD ligation was applied to the other groups. After the operation, one CBD group was fed with rat chow only, the others were fed with rat chow supplemented with honey, or immunonutrients, or honey plus immunonutrients. After 10 to 12 days, all rats were sacrificed; blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical, microbiological, and histopathological evaluation. Results: In the groups that were fed with honey and immunonutrients, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were de- creased significantly compared to the other groups. Statistically significant differences were detected in terms of bacterial translocation (BT) rates among liver and spleen samples, and laboratory values of serum, except for MLNs of the BDL+HI group, when compared to other groups. We found mean mucosal thickness of ileum samples have been improved notably in the BDL+HI group compared to the other groups, especially compared to the C/BDL group. Conclusions: Immunonutrition applied with honey had immunostimulant effects, decreased BT due to an additive effect, and had positive effects on intestinal mucosa.Öğe Combined Effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid and Glutamine on Bacterial Translocation in Obstructive Jaundiced Rats(Galenos Publ House, 2013) Hatipoglu, Ahmet Rahmi; Oguz, Serhat; Gurcan, Saban; Yalta, Tulin; Albayrak, Dogan; Erenoglu, Cengiz; Sagiroglu, TamerBackground: Bacterial Translocation is believed to be an important factor on mortality and morbidity in Obstructive Jaundiced. Aims: We investigated the probable or estimated positive effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which has antibacterial and regulatory effects on intestinal flora, together with glutamine on BT in an experimental obstructive jaundiced rat model. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Forty adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Animals were randomised and divided into five groups of eight each: sham (Sh); control (common bile duct ligation, CBDL); and supplementation groups administered tauroursodeoxycholic acid (CBDL+T), glutamine (CBDL+G), or tauroursodeoxycholic acid plus glutamine (CBDL+TG). Blood and liver, spleen, MLN, and ileal samples were taken via laparotomy under sterile conditions for investigation of bacterial translocation and intestinal mucosal integrity and hepatic function tests on the tenth postoperative day. Results: There were statistically significant differences in BT rates in all samples except the spleen of the CBDL+TG group compared with the CBDL group (p=0.041, p=0.026, and p=0.041, respectively). Conclusion: It is essential to protect hepatic functions besides maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity in the active struggle against BT occurring in obstructive jaundice. The positive effect on intestinal mucosal integrity can be increased if glutamine is used with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which also has hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory features.Öğe The effects of methylene blue on renal scarring due to pyelonephritis in rats(Springer, 2007) Aksu, Burhan; Inan, Mustafa; Kanter, Mehmet; Puyan, Fulya Oz; Uzun, Hafize; Durmus-Altun, Gulay; Gurcan, SabanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of methylene blue (MB) in preventing renal scar formation after the induction of pyelonephritis (PNP) in a rat model with delayed antimicrobial therapy. An inoculum of the K-12 strain of Escherichia coli was injected into both kidneys. Control groups received isotonic saline instead of bacterial solution. Four equal groups were then formed: the PNP group was untreated and the PNP ciprofloxacin (CIP) treated group was treated only with CIP intraperitoneally (i.p.) starting on the third day following bacterial inoculation. In the PNP (MB)-treated group, MB was given i.p., and in the PNP MB + CIP-treated group, MB + CIP were administered i.p.. In the sixth week following bacterial inoculation, all rats were sacrificed, and both kidneys of the rats in all groups were examined biochemically and histopathologically for renal scarring. Renal scar was significant in the groups treated with MB alone or MB + CIP combination compared with untreated or antibiotic only groups. Delayed treatment with antibiotics had no effect on scarring. These results suggest that the addition of MB to the delayed antibiotic therapy might be beneficial in preventing PNP-induced oxidative renal tissue damage.Öğe Evaluation of 2015-2016 MOTAKK HBV DNA and HCV RNA External Quality Assessment National Program Results(ANKARA MICROBIOLOGY SOC, 2018) Gurcan, SabanMOTAKK, as a national external quality control program has been launched to evaluate the molecular detection of viral infections including HBV DNA and HCV RNA in molecular microbiology diagnostic laboratories in Turkey. This program is prepared in compliance with ISO 17043:2010 (Conformity assessment general requirements for proficiency testing) standards, and aims to take the place of external quality control programs from abroad, contributing to standardization and accuracy of molecular diagnostic tests in our country. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2015 and 2016 results of the MOTAKK External Quality Control Program for HBV DNA and HCV RNA viral load. The calls were announced on the web page of MOTAKK (www.motakk.org). The quality control samples were sent to participating laboratories in 2015 and 2016. Main stocks were prepared from patients with chronic hepatitis B and C who had viral load detection with reference methods according to WHO reference materials for viral load studies to improve quality control sera. From these main stocks, samples with different viral loads were prepared from dilutions of plasma with HBV, HCV, HAV, HIV, Parvovirus B19 and CMV negative serologic markers. Quality control samples were sent to the participating laboratories along with the negative samples in the cold chain. The laboratories accomplished the related tests within 2-3 weeks and entered their results on the MOTAKK web page. These results were analysed according to ISO 13528 (Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison) and scoring reports were created by a software developed by MOTAKK and sent to participating labs. Each laboratory evaluated their own results in comparison with the other laboratory results, reassessed the tests via observing the distance from the mean result and the reference values. The number of laboratories participating in the HBV DNA and HCV RNA external quality control program was 70-73 in 2015-2016. Participants were able to comply with the program tools, registering, entering results and receiving the results reports problem. In HBV panel, 72.6-89.1% and 84.7-90.3% of the participant laboratories were in 1 standard deviation (SD) in 2015-2016, respectively. In HCV panel, 70.8-89.1% and 84.7-90.3% of the participant laboratories were in 1 SD in 2015-2016, respectively. A national external quality control program for HBV DNA and HCV RNA in Turkey has been prepared for the first time with this project and implemented successfully. All the data provided in the MOTAKK external quality control program final report, compensate all the data provided by the quality control program final reports from abroad; additionally, the report allows comparison of used technologies and commercial products.Öğe Evaluation of Antibody Response After Vaccination with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Health Workers(Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2021) Davarci, Ismail; Eryildiz, Canan; Gurcan, SabanCOVID-19, which emerged in Wuhan in December 2019 and spread all over the world, is an infectious disease. Vaccine studies have been started rapidly by many centers. One of them is the inactive CoronaVac vaccine of Sinovac Company. Turkey has given approval for the emergency use of CoronaVac. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antibody responses to the vaccine in health workers who work in high-risk departments for COVID-19 in our university and are vaccinated with CoronaVac. Health workers participating in the study were divided into the vaccine group and control group. Forty-one people from the vaccine group and 12 people from the control group volunteered to our study. The vaccine and control group samples taken 14 days after the first dose of vaccine were studied with anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Euroimmun, Germany). The antibody levels of four people in the vaccine group could not be examined after the second dose of vaccine due to reasons such as resignation and annual permit. Antibody levels were not measured in the control group after the second dose of vaccine. The antibody level after the first dose was found to be 9.8% and 0% in the vaccine group and control group, respectively. After the second dose of the vaccine, this rate was found to be 94.6% in the vaccine group. Based on the current findings, it is thought that a single dose of the vaccine cannot produce an antibody response at the desired rate in the study group, and it is essential to comply with personal protection rules until social immunity reaches the desired levels.Öğe Evaluation of Coronavirus PCR and Anti-Coronavirus Antibody Test Results: The First 4 Months of the Pandemic(2022) Davarcı, İsmail; Eryıldız, Canan; Gurcan, Saban; Yıldırım, Mustafa İshak; Cerit, ÇiğdemObjective: We aimed to evaluate the Coronavirus polymerase chain reaction test results sent to our laboratory and the anti Coronavirus antibody positivity in our region. Methods: Samples sent to our laboratory for Coronavirus poly merase chain reaction and anti-Coronavirus antibody tests were scanned retrospectively. The polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were screened within 4 months, and then the people who had both polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were examined. Results: Coronavirus polymerase chain reaction test was per formed on 31 162 people in 4 months. Of which, 794 (2.5%) of these people were found to be positive. The positivity rate in the first, second, third, and fourth months was 11.2%, 1.2%, 0.7%, and 1%, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were studied from 1163 people over 4 months. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was found positive in 23 (1.98%) of these people. Conclusions: As a result, the number of COVID-19 cases could be brought under control in the first month due to our prov ince’s good cooperation between the laboratory and field teams. Anti-Coronavirus antibody level in the community was found below expected. There is a need to closely monitor society’s immunity and carry out more comprehensive studies, including asymptomatic cases.Öğe Evaluation of Virulence in Various Candida Species: In Vitro and In Vivo Study(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Gurcan, Saban; Alver, Oktay; Ercan, Ilker; Ener, BeyzaObjective: In vitro virulence features of Candida strains isolated from blood specimens of 85 non-neutropenic patients, and in vivo (murine) tissue invasions were assessed in this study. Material and Methods: Virulence tests were examined at a single strain (85 isolates) of the patients. Surface hydrophobicity, attachment to epithelial cells, phospholipase and proteinase enzyme activity were examined in vitro virulence factors. Strains diluted with PBS were inoculated through the tail veins of the mice (Swiss albino). Results: In vitro virulence of the persisting strains was not higher than the ones which were isolated only once. Phospholipase activity was only detected in C.albicans strains and 87.5% of the C.albicans strains showed tissue invasion. The only strain that did not demonstrate tissue invasion was the one which showed no in vitro enzyme activity. In vitro virulence of the other species which do not produce phospholipase were lower than C.albicans. The species with the lowest virulence was found to be C.krusei. Significant correlation between tissue invasion and enzyme secretion (phospholipase and/or proteinase) suggests that enzyme secretion was more important than adhesive property for invasion. However, the absence of invasion in C.parapsilosis strains with high proteinase secretion was an interesting finding. Conclusion: It was highlighted in this study that the identification of the clinical isolates at the species level is really important as Candida species had different in vivo and in vitro virulence factors.Öğe Francisella tularensis and Tularemia in Turkey(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2007) Gurcan, SabanFrancisella tularensis is a small gram-negative aerobic bacillus which was named after Edward Francis and the location (Tulare County, California) where the organism was discovered. F.tularensis includes three subspecies known as tularensis (type A biovar), holarctica (type B biovar) and mediasiatica. Tularemia (rabbit fever) is a rare and primarily rural disease which may be transmitted by ingestion, inhalation, or by direct skin contact with rabbits, other rodents and by blood-sucking arthropods. Infection occurs in different forms, such as typhoidal, pneumonic, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, ulceroglandular, and glandular. The incubation period is about 3-5 days, but may vary between 1 to 21 days, and symptoms vary based on the mode of infection. Infections by F.tularensis subsp. tularensis are generally presented as ulceroglandular form and cause more severe diseases leading 5-60% mortality in untreated patients. F.tularensis subsp. holarctica which is a less virulent organism, mainly cause oropharyngeal form of infection especially in Europe countries as well as in Turkey. Since F.tularensis is extremely virulent organism and is difficult to culture on standard media, laboratory diagnosis is mainly based on the serological assays such as microagglutination or ELISA tests. Streptomycin or gentamycin (for 10-14 days) are the first choise antibiotics for the treatment. Tularemia becomes a reemerging zoonosis in Turkey. The first published tularemia epidemic in Turkey had been reported in 1936 from Thrace region (Luleburgaz town), and the second was in 1945 again in the same location. In recent years, tularemia outbreaks were reported from various regions of Turkey. The reliable data were obtained after 2005 because of the inclusion of this infection into Group C of notification system of communicable diseases by Turkish Ministry of Health. A total of 431 confirmed cases were reported from various provinces according to data of the year 2005. In this review, general characteristics of F.tularensis and its infections have been discussed emphasizing the data related with tularemia in Turkey.Öğe Fungal Biodiversity on Slippers and Carpets Dusts in Three Mosques of Edirne City, Turkey(2020) Tikveşli, Melek; Asan, Ahmet; Gurcan, Saban; Sen, BurhanThis study was conducted for the purpose of identifying the microfungi types and numbers in carpets, carpet dusts and slippers in three mosques in the Edirne City and surveying of microfungi during perform an ablution. It was isolated 78.937 CFU/g microfungi in total during 12 months from the samples taken between the dates of October 2008 and September 2009 from the stations. Of the microfungi 83 CFU/g were dermatophyte. It was identified only one dermatophyte in the slippers. It was identified 24 fungal species in carpet samples. The genus Penicilium was on the first rank with 18.553 CFU/g and 49.03 % in carpets, followed by Trichoderma with 13.666 CFU/g and 25 %, and followed Cladosporium ranked three with 96.666 CFU/g and 12.34 %. It was found the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum in the mosques only for once (July 2009). Statistical analysis for identifying whether the fungal types and the total microfungi concentrations are related with various meteorological factors. The highest value in indoor carpets was isolated as 6.084 CFU/g on the October. As a result, it was identified that the carpet dust fungus concentrations in three mosques are within the range of healthy limit values.Öğe Importance of Surveillance Studies on Tularemia in Thrace Region of Turkey(Galenos Publ House, 2021) Gurcan, Saban[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Investigation of the agents and risk factors of dermatophytosis: A hospital-based study(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2008) Gurcan, Saban; Tikvesli, Melek; Eskiocak, Muzaffer; Kilic, Haluk; Otkun, MetinThe aims of this study were the detection of distribution of dermatophyte species isolated from the clinical samples of patients with dermatophytosis and the evaluation of risk factors for the development of dermatophytosis. A total of 441 skin, nail and scalp/hair specimens obtained from 301 patients (151 were male; age range 2 months-80 years, median 42 years) and 884 foot and hand skin and nail specimens obtained from 221 control subjects (110 were male; age range 5-75 years, median 36 years) were included to the study between the period of January to December 2005. All the samples have been evaluated by direct microscopic (DM) examination and by culture. A total of 121 (40.2%) patients yielded positivity for dermatophytes, of them 63 were positive by both DM and culture methods, seven were only culture positive, and 51 were only DM positive. Nine (9.8%) of 92 culture positive samples from 70 patients were found negative in DM, while 85 (50.6%) of 168 DM positive samples from 114 patients were negative in culture. 23.5% (12/51) of DM positive but culture negative patients were given antifungal therapy previously. The most prominent species isolated from the cultures were Trichophyton rubrum with a rate of 68.4% (63/92), followed by T.mentagrophytes (18.4%); T.violaceum (3.3%); T.verrucosum, T.tonsurans and Epidermophyton floccosum (2.2% for each); T.schoenleini, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton sp. (1.1% for each). Of the patient samples whose cultures were positive, 45% were from the foot skin. The presence rate of dermatophytes in controls was found as 3.2% (7/221); T.rubrum was isolated from the foot skin of five and T.mentagrophytes was isolated in toenail of two control subjects. About 42% of the samples belonged to the patients who admitted to hospital between December to February period. The evaluation of the risk factors revealed that presence of trauma, pet contact, ritual cleansing and diabetes mellitus had no effect on the development of dermatophytoses, however the presence of fungal infection in the family, male gender, some professions (being farmer, worker and retired), and the use of immunosupressive drugs have been found to increase the risk of dermatophytosis. The number of cases with dermatophytoses started to increase beginning from the age of 20 and peaked in the ages between 40-59 years old. As a result T.rubrum was determined as the most frequently isolated dermatophyte and tinea pedis was the most frequently observed clinical form in our hospital, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment in superficial fungal infections which have high morbidity.Öğe Investigation of the Presence of Francisella tularensis by Culture, Serology and Molecular Methods in Mice of Thrace Region, Turkey(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2014) Unal Yilmaz, Gulizar; Gurcan, Saban; Ozkan, Beytullah; Karadenizli, AynurTularemia is a disease that has been reported in Turkey since 1936. Although mice are considered to have a role in the transmission of Francisella tularensis to man, this has not been exactly confirmed yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of F. tularensis in mice by using culture, serology and molecular methods. For this purpose, four villages (Edirne-Demirkoy, Kirklareli-Kaynarca, Tekirdag-Muzruplu, Tekirdag-Sinanli) were selected in Thrace Region of Turkey where tularemia cases had been reported previously. A total of 126 live-catch mouse traps were established in warehouses, barns, areas near wells, water tanks and creeks in the villages in December 2012. Traps were kept overnight and the next day the animals collected were identified at species-level. The live-captured mice were anesthetized and their heart blood samples were obtained. Subsequently, liver and spleen tissues were removed from every mouse under aseptic conditions in the class-2 safety cabinet. These tissues were cultivated in Francis medium containing 5% sheep blood, 0.1% cystein, 1% glucose and incubated for seven days in both normal atmosphere and 5% carbondioxide incubator at 37 degrees C. Tularemia microagglutination test was performed by using the sera which were obtained from live-captured mice. Finally, DNAs were isolated from both liver and spleen tissues of mice, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (Tularemia RT-PCR; Public Health Agency of Turkey, Ankara) were performed. In our study, a total of 19 mice were captured and of these 11 were alive. Ten mice were identified as Apodemus flavicollis, seven were Mus macedonicus and two were Mus musculus. There were no Francisella tularensis isolation in the cultures of mice liver and spleen tissues. Serological tests yielded negative results for 10 mice whose serum samples could be obtained. In RT-PCR, positivity were detected in spleen tissues of two mice which were captured from Kaynarca where first tularemia cases in Turkey in 1936 were reported but has no report from then on. One of them was a live female Mus macedonicus, and the other was a dead male Apodemus flavicollis. In quantitative evaluation, number of microorganism per organ were calculated as 4 x 10(3) cfu/spleen in Mus macedonicus and 4 x 10(4) cfu/spleen in Apodemus flavicollis. This is the first study in Turkey indicating that the mice in natural environment harbored Etularensis. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that the agent of tularemia has been retained since 1936 in Kaynarca region and this persistence might present a potential risk for tularemia epidemics.Öğe Investigation of Tularemia Incidence and Presence of Francisella tularensis in Streams/Mains Water in a Risky Region of Thrace(Aves, 2019) Ugur, Mediha; Gurcan, Saban; Eskiocak, Muzaffer; Karadenizli, AynurObjective: Tularemia was first detected in Thrace region in our country and the outbreaks continued in the region over the following years. The fact that the agent has been identified in mice around Kaynarca in 2012 suggests the disease poses a risk for our region. Aim of this study was to investigate tularemia incidence and presence of Francisella tularensis in streams/mains water in a risky region of Thrace. Methods: In this study, seropositivity for tularemia was investigated in 13 villages, and 1 town in risky areas of the Thrace region. In January 2016, blood was drawn from 746 people and tularemia microagglutination tests were applied. Seropositivity was not detected. In December, 464 of 746 people were reached. Seroconversion was not observed. In addition, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures were applied to specimens collected from mains water and streams in 13 villages and 1 town. Results: The causative agent wasn't isolated from the cultures but F. tularensis DNAs were detected by PCR method in 2 stream, and 3 mains water samples. One of the streams passed through the village of Celaliye, which was very close to Kaynarca, where tularemia cases were seen in the past. The other was farther, passing through the Kavakli town in which no cases has been reported. The mains water which were positive were from Hamzabey, Ceylankoy, and Tatarkoy villages located around Kaynarca. Molecular examination after chlorination was repeated in the water sources in which positivity was detected, and it was seen that the agent was eliminated. Conclusions: In this study, incidence was calculated as zero, although the causative agent was found in the water. Although no seropositivity was detected, the detection of the agent by PCR in 5 water samples showed that the agents in the nature could reach the water resources. It has been observed that surveillance studies in risky areas could be effective in preventing possible outbreaks.Öğe Lysinibacillus massiliensis Isolated from the Synovial Fluid: A Case Report(Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2020) Eryildiz, Canan; Tabakcioglu, Kiymet; Kehaya, Sezgin; Sakru, Nermin; Gurcan, SabanLysinibacillus massiliensis is an aerobic, endospore-forming, gram-negative staining bacterium with peritrichous flagella belonging to the Bacillaceae family. A few cases of L. massiliensis isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and tissue have been reported. In this study, we aimed to describe a case of L. massiliensis isolated from the synovial fluid. The synovial fluid from a 74-year-old female patient was inoculated into blood culture bottle. Gram-negative rods were observed in a gram-stained smear from a positive blood culture bottle. The bacterium was identified as Lysinibacillus sphaerkus/Lysinibacillus fusiformis, with a probability of 89% using an automated bacterial identification system (VITEK2; Biomerieux, France). Subsequently, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed, and the sequence was analyzed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. The sequence had 99.9% (1426/1427) identity with the strain L. massiliensis (GenBank ID: NR_043092.1). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of L. massiliensis isolated from the synovial fluid. When an endospore-forming gram-negative staining bacterium can not be identified by phenotypic characterization, L. massiliensis should be considered, and different microbiological methods should be used for identification.Öğe Microbiological Approach to a Possible Infective Endocarditis Case Caused by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2016) Gurcan, Saban; Unlu, Salahattin; Kuloglu, Figen; Karadenizli, Aynur; Kuskucu, Mert AhmetAggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, a small, gram-negative coccobacillus that grows slow and fastidious, is generally colonized in the oral cavity. It is a rarely seen bacterium because of the difficulty of isolation but it can be a causative agent for dental infections and infective endocarditis (IE) particularly in the persons having prosthetic heart valves. In this report, a possible IE case caused by A.actinomycetemcomitans in a patient with aortic valve replacement has been presented. A 36-year-old man has admitted to Trakya University Hospital, Health Center for Medical Research and Practice, with the complaints of chills, malaise, intermittent fever, severe arthralgia and weight loss (20 kg). During his follow-up period, the blood cultures that were obtained three week intervals yielded the identical gram negative coccobacilli morphology. The patient was then diagnosed as possible IE on the basis of having one major (growth of the typical microorganisms that may cause IE in two different blood cultures) and two minor (presence of prosthetic valve and high fever) criterias. The isolate could not be identified with conventional methods, while it was identified as Francisella tularensis with VITEK 2 (bioMerieux, France) system. Hence this identification was not confirmed by real-time Taqman polymerase chain reaction, so MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify this bacteria. In the first run of the study, the isolate was named as Shigella dysenteriae initially, however when it was retested the next day it was identified as A.actinomycetemcomitans. In order to enlighten these conflicting results, 16S and 23S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis was performed, and consequently the bacterium was identified as A.actinomycetemcomitans. Doxycycline (2 x 100 mg po, 20 days) and streptomycin (2 x 10 mg/kg im, 10 days) therapy were initiated, considering the initial suspicious identification (F.tularensis), and on the fifth day of therapy the blood culture was negative with the regression of patient's complaints. Therapy continued with the addition of rifampicin to doxycycline from the 21(st) day and the patient discharged with cure. As a result, the identification of an exceptional bacterium like A.actinomycetemcomitans may be difficult and time-consuming in certain laboratory facilities. So, the use of different identification methods in addition to classical methods are needed to overcome such a problem, especially for uncommon isolates and clinically discordant cases. This case was presented because A.actinomycetemcomitans is a rare etiological agent for IE patients and it could be a good example to draw attention to the problem when identifying the organism using automatized identification systems.
