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    Color Stability of Composites After Short-term Oral Simulation: An in vitro Study
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2016) Ozdas, Didem Oner; Kazak, Magrur; Cilingir, Aylin; Subasi, Meryem Gulce; Tiryaki, Murat; Gunal, Solen
    Background: Although most of the studies investigated color stability of different restorative materials, evaluation of color stability of composites after immersion in multiple beverages in the same day by an in vitro oral simulation study is unclear. Objective: To assess color change of different restorative materials at the end of days 1, 14, and 30 of immersion in multiple liquid types to mimic the oral environment in vitro. Method: Ten disc-shaped specimens were made from each of four different resin composites (Filtek Z250, Voco x-tra base, Beautifil Flow Plus, Beautifil II). Baseline color value of each sample was measured using a spectrophotometer. Each composite was respectively immersed in coffee, an orange/pomegranate juice mixture, black tea, and a mouth rinse on the same day to mimic daily liquid consumption of individuals. Color measurements were taken after 1, 14, and 30 days by spectrophotometer and color change values were calculated. Statistical analyses were executed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey HSD and repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: All materials showed significant color change after 1, 14, and 30 days (P < 0.01) of immersion in liquids, with the lowest color alteration observed at the 1st day and the highest observed after the 30th day. Among the materials tested, at each time point (1, 14, and 30 days), the lowest color alteration was detected in Filtek Z250 and the highest color alteration was detected in Beautifil II. Conclusion: Color alteration of composite resins is affected by composite type and storage time. With the exception of 1 day of storage, color changes of all materials were substantial and clinically unacceptable.
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    The effects of nutritional habits on leucite-based ceramic repaired with nanohybrid composites
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Kazak, Magrur; Subasi, Meryem Gulce; Ozdas, Didem Oner; Zorlu, Sevgi; Cilingir, Aylin; Gunal, Solen
    The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nutritional habits (various liquids) on the color change and early repair bond strength of a leucite-based ceramic repaired with different contents of nanohybrid composite resins currently used by the clinicians. Ninety-six IPS-Empress CAD ceramic samples were obtained with low-speed diamond saw. For all samples same repair method was performed. Samples were divided into groups according to four nanohybrid composite resins used as a repair material: Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk Fill, Filtek Z550, Clearfil-Majesty Esthetic, Bisco-Aelite Aesthetic Enamel (n = 24). Composite resins were applied on ceramic surface and polymerized (40 sec). After waiting for 24 h, samples were divided into three subgroups according to liquid types: pomegranate-flavored mineral water, salad dressing, and distilled water (n = 8). Before and after immersion the samples in the various liquids, color measurements were calculated (24 h). Then, shear bond strength was tested with an universal testing machine.For the statistical analyses two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Spearman's correlation tests were used at a significance of p <= 0.05. Nanohybrid composites, liquids (p <= 0.001); correlation between nanohybrid composites and liquids (p <= 0.006) had statistically significant impacts on the color change values. Nanohybrid composites (p <= 0.017) and correlation between nanohybrid composites and liquids (p <= 0.004) had statistically significant impacts on the shear bond strength values. There was not any statistically significant correlation between color change and shear bond strength (p > 0.05). When a composite resin is selected as a repair material, nutritional habits of the patient should be taken into consideration. Although hydrophilic monomer type of a composite material is a more predominant factor associated with color change, filler weight has the same predominant effect on shear-bond strength.