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    Barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation among community-dwelling physically inactive individuals after stroke: a qualitative exploratory study
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2024) Karadag-Saygi, Evrim; Giray, Esra; Eren, Nurullah; Yolcu, Gunay; Coskun, Ozge Kenis; Cifcili, Serap
    Physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk for first-ever stroke as well as recurrent stroke with positive effects on almost all known modifiable risk factors. However, the perceived barriers and facilitators for engaging in physical activity have been insufficiently studied and may differ between cultures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of community-dwelling physically inactive individuals with stroke about barriers and facilitators to their participation in physical activity. This qualitative study included two focus groups of ten individuals with stroke classified as physically inactive based on accelerometer recordings. A semi-structured set of questions was posed in each focus group session and the transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The results revealed three main themes and subthemes: individual factors (physical impairments, psychological factors, spirituality), interaction with the family (attitudes of family members/close community) and social and environmental factors (hobbies, lack of or presence of facilities, the use of orthosis). We conclude that physical activity participation is affected by a multitude of factors as well as cultural differences. Thus, interventions aimed at increasing participation in physical activity after stroke should not only be planned according to individual clinical characteristics but also take into account a range of personal-to-social factors, including cultural differences.
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    COMPARATIVE VALIDITY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SCALE FOR ELDERLY WITH AN ACCELEROMETER IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE
    (Gunes Kitabevi Ltd Sti, 2022) Giray, Esra; Karadag-Saygi, Evrim; Eren, Nurullah; Kurtel, Hizir; Gunduz, Osman Hakan
    Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in stroke patients by comparing its scores with activity data derived from an accelerometer. Materials and Method: Twenty-five patients with stroke who walked independently or with an assistive device were included in the study. An accelerometer was held on participants' non-paretic hips on Monday-Friday, and data were collected during three valid weekdays: Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. To evaluate validity, accelerometer-derived physical activity data and the Stroke Impact Scale were used. Results: A statistically significant moderate correlation was found between the Physical Activity Scale for Elderly and activity counts during moderate physical activity (Spearman correlation rho = 0.43, p = 0.03), energy expenditure during moderate activity, and total step count (rho = 0.41, p = 0.04; rho = 0.45, p = 0.03; rho = 0.45, p = 0.03; consecutively), while no significant correlations were found between Physical Activity Scale for Elderly score and total activity counts and activity counts during sedentary, light activity, or total energy expenditure (p >0.05). There was a moderately positive, statistically significant correlation between PASE and Stroke Impact Scale scores (rho = 0.49, p = 0.01) showing convergent validity. Conclusions: There is uncertainty about the validity of the Physical Activity Scale for Elderly for specifically reflecting total, light, and sedentary activity. Physical Activity Scale for Elderly was not designed to be used to measure and evaluate different physical activity levels. Accelerometers enabled an assessment of the amount and intensity of physical activity. The findings of this study support the use of accelerometers for assessing physical activity in patients with stroke rather than Physical Activity Scale if these factors are importantly considered.