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Öğe Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial evaluation of Thymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp sipyleus var. sipyleus essential oil against rhinosinusitis pathogens(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Demirci, Fatih; Karaca, Nursenem; Tekin, Mehmet; Demirci, BetulThymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp. sipyleus var. sipyleus of the Lamiaceae, locally known as thyme scented lemon, which is an endemic taxon collected from Sivas in Anatolia, was investigated in this study due to its folk medicine use against rhinosinusitis. The aromatic characteristics of the plant material gave the idea for the detailed evaluation of the volatiles and essential oil thereof. Consequently, the oil was obtained by Clevenger type hydrodistillation followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromato-graphy/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses for phytochemical characterization. To confirm the folk medicinal use against sinusitis, in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil was evaluated by agar diffusion, microdilution and vapour diffusion methods against selected rhinosinusitis associated strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhal's. Additionally, the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory effect of the essential oil spectrophotometrically. Furthermore, the composition of the volatiles of the vapour phase of the oil was determined by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC/MS) after 15 min and 24 h in accordance with antimicrobial vapour diffusion method conditions, respectively. According to the analytical results, the main component was determined as thymol (66.2%). Whereas in the HS-SPME method p-cymene (26.1%) and gamma-terpinene (26%) were identified as the main volatile components within the 15. min., and thymol (75.3%) after 24 h, respectively. The antibacterial activity against rhinosinusitis pathogens varied between 160 and 1250 mu g/mL minimum inhibitory concentrations, with the best inhibitory effects observed against the S. aureus, S. pyogenes and M. catarrhalis. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oil was determined as 12.1 +/- 1.8% in 100 mu g/mL. The results showed the in vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of the oil also in vapour phase against sinusitis supporting the traditional use.Öğe Antimicrobial and toxicity profiles evaluation of the Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) essential oil combination with standard antimicrobial agents(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Goger, Gamze; Demirci, Betul; Ilgin, Sinem; Demirci, FatihIn this present study, commercial Pharmacopeia (PhEur) grade chamomile essential oil (Mairicariae aetheroleurn) was combined with different antimicrobial agents including ampicillin sodium, cefuroxime acetyl, tetracycline hydrochloride, fluconazole and nystatin. All combinations were evaluated in vitro against pathogenic standard and clinical resistant Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial isolates as well as against Candida albicans for their broad antimicrobial effectiveness. Furthermore, the essential oil was fractioned by column chromatography using n-hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane and methanol, respectively. Additionally, all fractions of essential oil were tested in combinations for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) against the resistant microbial pathogens. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by microdilution method and antimicrobial interactions were assayed using the checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity of compounds were evaluated using Cytotox-XTT-1 1:rameter Kit in WS1 cells and Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence toxicity assay. The analyses proved that alpha-bisabolol oxide A (47.7%), (E)-beta-famesene (21.5%), alpha-bisabolol oxide B (6.2%), alpha-bisabolone oxide A (5.8%), chamazulene (4.1%) and alpha-bisabolol (2.2%), respectively were the major compounds and in compliance with PhEur. The essential oil combination of fluconazole and nystatin showed "synergic and additive inhibitory effects" against the clinical Candida strain. According to the IC50 values obtained, the inhibitory concentrations of combinations against the clinical Candida strain can be considered to be selective when compared with its effect on WS1 cells. Additionally, the essential oil combination of fluconazole and nystatin showed low toxicity against A. fischeri.Öğe Antimicrobial evaluation of Tripleurospermum callosum (Boiss. & Heldr.) E. Hossain extracts using in vitro and in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model against urinary system pathogens(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Goger, Gamze; Yuksel, Deniz; Goger, Fatih; Kose, Yavuz Bulent; Demirci, FatihTripleurospermum callosum (Boiss. & Heldr.) E. Hossain was recorded in Turkish ethnobotanical data for its use against urinary and respiratory system ailments. Infusion, decoction and 96% ethanol extracts of T. callosum aerial parts were prepared for in vitro antimicrobial activity against urinary system pathogens Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 1348 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The non-toxic concentrations of extracts and in vivo antimicrobial assay were performed using C. elegans. The extracts were analysed by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for phytochemical composition. The water extracts were non-toxic at between 5000 and 312 mu g/mL, while 96% ethanol extract at 312 mu g/mL for C. elegans. The infusion extract showed in vivo anti-infective effect 5000-312 mu g/mL against Gram-negative strains. The results indicate a potential role of plant extracts with relatively non-toxic and anti-infective effects against urinary system pathogens.Öğe Evaluation of Anticandidal Effects of Essential Oils of Commercial Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia Miller) in Combination With Ketoconazole Againts Some Candida Berkhout Strains(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2020) Göger, Gamze; Akçal Çomoğlu, Burcu; İşcan, Gökalp; Demirci, FatihUçucuyağlarınstandart antifungal maddeler ile kombinasyonları, sentetik ilaçların olumsuzetkilerini azaltabilir ve kandidiyaz dahil olmak üzere çeşitli patolojilerekarşı alternatif bir yaklaşım olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Farmakope kalitesindeki Lavanta (Lavandula angustifolia Miller) uçucu yağlarının ketokonazol ilekombinasyonlarının patojen Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. krusei NRRL Y-7179 ve C. glabrata ATCC 66032 suşlarına karşıantikandidal etkinliğini belirlemektir.İncelenen uçucu yağların kimyasal içeriklerihem gaz kromatografisi/alev iyonlaşma dedektörü (GK / AİD) hem de gazkromatografisi/kütle spektrometresi (GK/KS) yöntemleriyle belirlenmiştir. Esansiyelyağlarınantikandidal aktiviteleri, mikrodilüsyon metodu ile in vitro olarak incelenmiştir. Lavanta uçucu yağları ve ketokonazolkombinasyon çalışmaları dama tahtası yöntemi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Lavanta uçucu yağları ile ketokonazolkombinasyon çalışması sonuçları, test edilen tüm Candida suşlarına karşı “aditif” ve “indiferent” etkili olduğugörülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, lavanta uçucu yağlarının ketokonazol kombinasyonuile gözlemlenen etkiler, patojenik Candida suşlarına karşı kullanımdaetkili olabilir.Öğe Phytochemical Characterization of Phenolic Compounds by LC-MS/MS and Biological Activities of Ajuga reptans L., Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreber and Ajuga genevensis L. from Turkey(Galenos Publ House, 2021) Goger, Gamze; Kose, Yavuz Bulent; Demirci, Fatih; Goger, FatihObjectives: In this study, it was aimed to characterize the phenolic contents of Ajuga reptans L., Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreber and Ajuga genevensis L. and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: Air dried aerial parts of A. reptans L., A. salicifolia (L.) Schreber, and A. genevensis L. collected from Turkey were extracted with methanol (70%), and the phenolic composition of the crude extracts was analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. To determine the total phenolic content the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used. The radical scavenging activities of the extracts were evaluated by the photometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays (TEAC). Furthermore, Ajuga sp. extracts were tested against Escherichia coli NRRL B3008, Staphylococcus areus ATCC 6538, Salmonella thyphimurium ATCC 13311, Bacillus cereus NRRL B-3711, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida tropicalis ATCC 1369, and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 using the in vitro broth dilution assay. Results: The LC-MS/MS analyses identified 19 compounds. The amount of total phenolics ranged from 30.0 to 42.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g in all extracts. According to the results of TEAC assay, the tested extracts were found to have relatively high activity at 1.2-1.5 mM concentrations. Ajuga sp. extracts inhibited all tested microorganisms; however, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis exhibited relatively more susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration: 156.25 mu g/mL) compared to the bacteria tested. Conclusion: The antioxidant activities of all extracts were determined for the first time by the TEAK method, and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of A. salicifolia was investigated for the first time against selected strains.Öğe Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of pyridyl substituted thiazolyl triazole derivatives(Univ Sao Paulo, Conjunto Quimicas, 2022) Tay, Naime Funda; Duran, Murat; Kayagil, Ismail; Yurttas, Leyla; Goger, Gamze; Goger, Fatih; Demirci, FatihIn this present study, 63 different 5-[4-methyl-2-(pyridin-3/4-yl)thiazole-5-yl]-4-substituted-3-substituted benzylthio-4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against various human pathogenic microorganisms and antioxidant activity. The derivatives were synthesized in a multi-step synthesis procedure including triazole and thiazole ring closure reactions, respectively. The synthesized derivatives (A1-24; B1-39) were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities compared to standard agents. The derivatives possessing 3-pyridyl moiety particularly exhibited relatively high antibacterial activity (MIC= < 3.09-500 mu g/mL) against Gram-positive bacteria, and compounds possessing 4-pyridyl moiety showed remarkable antioxidant activity.
