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Öğe Indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats and the protective effect of donkey milk(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2018) Tastekin, Ebru; Ayvaz, Suleyman; Usta, Ufuk; Aydogdu, Nurettin; Cancilar, Ekrem; Puyan, Fulya OzIntroduction: Indomethacin is an anti-inflammatory drug with clearly known side effects on gastric mucosa. New treatment and side effect prevention methods are being studied. Donkey milk, as a nutritional support, has recently come into the spotlight with its anti-oxidant features, high antibody content and low allergenic properties. In this study, we investigated donkey milk's possible protective effect against acute gastric mucosal damage by indomethacin. Material and methods: Four groups, each composed of 8 rats, were created. Rats in the first and third groups were fed with standard rat chow, while those in the second and fourth groups were additionally fed with 25 mg/kg of donkey milk per day via nasogastric gavage. On the 11th day gastric mucosal damage was induced by oral administration of 30 mg/kg of indomethacin to the rats in groups 3 and 4. Six h later all rats were sacrificed and their stomachs were removed for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation as well as biochemical examination of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in the gastric mucosa was evaluated immunohistochemically. Results: In the donkey milk-indomethacin group, total area of erosion and degree of linear ulceration were significantly lower than in the standard food-indomethacin group (p < 0.05). Also, GSH levels were increased and MDA levels were decreased significantly in this group. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was more prevalent and stronger in the gastritis group, while lower expression was observed in the donkey milk group. Conclusions: Donkey milk was observed to have significant protective effects against gastric damage induced by indomethacin.Öğe Nephrogenic Adenoma of the Urethra: A Rare Tumor in Children(Kuwait Medical Assoc, 2016) Ayvaz, Suleyman; Cancilar, Ekrem; Yalcin, OmerNephrogenic adenoma (NA), an example of non-neoplastic epithelial abnormalities, is a rare reactive lesion that is capable of mimicking a tumor on cystoscopic examination and found mostly in bladder and also structures lined with urothelium such as ureter and urethra. A diagnostic cystoscopy was performed on a 16-year-old male patient admitted to our emergency department with the complaint of passing blood in the urine for a week. Multiple papillary structures, largest one reaching 5 - 6 mm in diameter, with active hemorrhage were observed in posterior urethra upon cystoscopy. A transurethral resection was carried out. A diagnosis of NA was made as a result of histopathologic studies. The patient presented two weeks later, stating that the hematuria was not resolved. A second transurethral resection was carried out after active haemorrhagic lesions were observed in the posterior urethra during cystoscopy. The patient currently has no complaint of hematuria, and is being followed up. It should be kept in mind that nephrogenic adenomas located in urethra can be encountered during a cystoscopy in pediatric cases with hematuria. Cystoscopic examinations at regular intervals are thought to be effective in order to prevent local recurrence.