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Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer, A Review on Enzalutamide and cancer
(Kare Publ, 2018) Erdogan, Bulent; Kostek, Osman; Bekirhacioglu, Muhammet
Prostate carcinoma is androgen-dependent, and therefore the main target of treatment is lowering androgen levels. Medical or surgical castration, androgen receptor-blocking agents, androgen-synthesis inhibitors, chemotherapy, sipuleucel-T, and radium-223 are treatment options. Enzalutamide is a relatively new androgen-signaling inhibitor that has 5 to 8 times greater affinity for the androgen receptor ( AR) than bicalutamide. Enzalutamide does not demonstrate agonistic activity on ARs. Enzalutamide induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Enzalutamide is effective in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in patients with progression after docetaxel treatment and in chemotherapy-naive patients. Enzalutamide is also superior to the commonly used AR blocking agent bicalutamide in chemotherapy-naive metastatic and non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Its efficacy has been proven in hormonenaive patients, and several trials are ongoing. Enzalutamide has a favorable side effect profile and improves quality of life and pain scores. There are ongoing studies examining the efficacy and safety of enzalutamide on other several AR-expressing tumors.