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    Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain During Venous Port Access in Pediatric Oncology Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Semerci, Remziye; Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Eren, Tuba; Avci, Gulcan
    Purpose: Needle procedures are one of the most distressing practices for pediatric oncology patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a distraction method which offers an extremely realistic and interactive virtual environment and helps reduce needle-related pain and distress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of VR method on pain during venous port access in pediatric oncology patients aged 7 to 18 years. Method: Children who had cancer and were between the ages of 7 and 18 years and undergoing a port-a-cath access were randomly assigned through blocked randomization to either the VR intervention group or control group. A commercially available VR headset was fitted to children in the intervention group. Immediately after the port access, pain scores were obtained from children's self-reports and parents' proxy reports, using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Results: Descriptive characteristics of the children (n = 71) showed a homogeneous distribution between groups. During the procedure, children in the control group (n = 36; 5.03 +/- 3.35) experienced more pain than the children in VR group (n = 35; 2.34 +/- 2.76; p < .001). Proxy reports of the parents in the experimental group (1.77 +/- 2.46) were found to be lower than those in the control group (4.67 +/- 2.56; p < .001). Conclusions/Implications for Practice: VR method is effective for reducing pain during venous port access in pediatric oncology patients. VR should be used as a distraction method during venous port access.
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    Hopelessness and Depression Levels of Parents of Children with Cancer
    (Asian Pacific Organization Cancer Prevention, 2013) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Avci, Gulcan
    The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the hopelessness and depression levels of parents of children diagnosed with cancer and undergoing cancer treatment and factors affecting these levels. The study was carried out with parents of 44 children receiving treatment in a paediatric haematology clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected using a survey form, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Beck Depression Scale (BDS). The mean BDS score of the mothers and fathers was 18.3 +/- 11.30 and 15.2 +/- 11.33, respectively. The mean BHS score of the mothers was 6.45 +/- 4.40, whereas the mean BHS score of the fathers was 5.88 +/- 4.27. The results showed that the levels of hopelessness and depression among the mothers were higher than among the fathers (p<0.001). There was a positive relationship between the hopelessness and depression scores of the mothers and the fathers (p<0.05), and the levels of hopelessness and depression scores of the fathers increased as those of the mothers increased. A weak financial situation of the family increased the hopelessness and depression levels of the fathers. The hopelessness and depression levels of the mothers who were supported by their families and relatives were decreased compared to those without such support (p<0.05). The results show that the parents of children with cancer face many psychosocial and spiritual problems. Using simple screening tools, nurses can identify at-risk parents and direct them to support services. We conclude that actively encouraging families to avail themselves of support resources and supporting them financially would positively affect the levels of depression and hopelessness of parents of children with cancer.
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    Life experiences of adolescents with cancer in Turkey: a phenomenological study
    (Pakistan Medical Assoc, 2019) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Semerci, Remziye; Eren, Tuba; Avci, Gulcan; Savran, Filiz
    Objective: To explore life experiences of adolescents after cancer diagnosis. Method: The phenomenological qualitative study was conducted at the paediatric oncology clinic of a university hospital in Edirne, Turkey, from March 15 to April 1, 2016, and comprised semi-structured interviews with adolescents aged 10-18 years diagnosed with different types of cancer. Data was analysed using Colaizzi's method. Results: Of the 12 adolescents, 7(58.3%) were boys and 5(41.7%) were girls. The overall mean age was 14.92 +/- 2.19. Mean duration of life post-diagnosis was 2.87 +/- 2.94 years (range: 1-11 years), and all (100%) of them had undergone chemotherapy. More adolescents experienced shock, sadness, fear, anxiety, curiosity and uncertainty when they learned their diagnosis. Changes related to family included missing their siblings and parents, and feelings of guilt, anger, and sibling jealousy. Adolescents stated that they missed their schools and friends, feared stigmatisation, abandonment and changes related to future. They wanted a stress-free life, to have an occupation, to continue school, and to be independent. Conclusion: Cancer changed adolescents' relationships with family and peers, and their feelings and thoughts regarding future. It is important that health professionals, especially nurses, recognise and understand such changes to provide quality care.