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Öğe ATP11C promotes the differentiation of pre-B cells into immature B cells but does not affect their IL-7-dependent proliferation(Springer, 2023) Yabas, Mehmet; Bostanci, Ayten; Aral, SedaThe P4-type ATPases are believed to function as flippases that contribute to the organization of the asymmetric aminophospholipid distribution on the plasma membranes of eukaryotes by their ability to internalize specific phospholipids from the outer leaflet to the inner leaflet. Despite the existence of 14 members of the P4-type ATPases in humans and 15 in mice, their roles in the immune system have not been fully understood. So far, ATP11C was shown to be important for B cells, and mice deficient for ATP11C had a developmental arrest at the pro-B to pre-B cell transition stage of B cell development. Using an ATP11C-deficient pre-B cell line generated through CRISPR/Cas9 engineering, we here tested the role of ATP11C in pre-B cells in vitro and showed that ablation of ATP11C in pre-B cells causes a defect in the flippase activity. We further demonstrated that loss of ATP11C does not impede the proliferation of pre-B cells in response to IL-7. However, pre-B cells lacking ATP11C failed to differentiate into immature B cells upon removal of IL-7. These results suggest that disruption of lipid asymmetry by loss of ATP11C in pre-B cells may control the switch from proliferation to differentiation in pre-B cells.Öğe ATP11C'nin PRE-B hücrelerinin 1gM+ B hücrelerine farklılaşması üzerine etkisinin araştırılması(Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2022) Aral, Seda; Yabaş, MehmetBağışıklık sistemi, organizmayı çevresindeki enfeksiyon ajanlarına karşı koruyan bir sistemdir. Patojenlere karşı daha spesifik yanıtlar oluşturabilen edinsel immün sistemin B hücreleri, antikor üretebilme potansiyellerinden dolayı oldukça önemlidir. Dolayısıyla, B hücrelerinin gelişimlerinin ve fonksiyonlarının bilinmesi, B hücre kaynaklı hastalıkların nedenlerinin daha iyi anlaşılması ve klinikte uygulanabilecek yeni yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi açısında kritik öneme sahiptir. Ökaryotlarda plazma zarı, çift tabakalı ve asimetrik olarak dağılmış aminofosfolipitlerden oluşmuştur. Plazma zarındaki fosfolipit asimetrisinin oluşumu ve devamının sağlanması hücrelerin canlılığı ve fonksiyonları açısından oldukça önemlidir. P4-tip ATPaz ailesinin üyeleri olan flipazlar, hücre zarının dış kısmından iç kısmına doğru lipit taşıyarak plazma zarı lipit asimetrisinin sağlanmasına katkıda bulunurlar. Yakın zamanda flipazlardan biri olan ATP11C enzimini kodlayan gendeki mutasyonların fare kemik iliğinde B hücrelerinin pro-B hücresinden pre-B hücresine geçişindeki gelişim basamağını etkileyerek B hücrelerinin sayısının azalmasına neden olduğu gösterilmiştir, ancak etki mekanizması tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, Atp11c geni susturulmuş bir pre-B hücre hattı kullanılarak, ATP11C’nin pre-B hücrelerindeki rolü araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ATP11C- iv defektli pre-B hücrelerinin normal hücrelere göre azalmış flipaz aktivitesine sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, sonuçlar ATP11C’nin pre-B hücrelerinin IL-7’ye bağımlı proliferasyonları üzerinde herhangi bir etkiye sahip olmadığını göstermiştir. Fakat sonuçlarımız, IL-7’nin ortamdan uzaklaştırılması sonrasında ATP11C-defektli hücrelerin bir sonraki evre olan IgM + olgunlaşmamış B hücrelerine farklılaşamadıklarını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu tez çalışması ATP11C’nin pre-B hücrelerinin plazma zarındaki en etkin flipaz aktivitesine sahip P4-tip ATPaz’lardan biri olduğunu ilk kez göstermiştir. Ayrıca, ATP11C’nin pre-B hücrelerinin IL-7’ye bağımlı proliferasyonlarını etkilemediğini, fakat olgunlaşmamış B hücrelerine farklılaşmalarını kontrol ettiğini göstermiştir.Öğe Effectiveness of a Group Game Intervention in Reducing Preoperative Anxiety Levels of Children and Parents: A Randomized Controlled Trial(Wiley, 2020) Unver, Seher; Gueray, Ozlem; Aral, SedaSurgical experiences are often stressful for children and their parents. This study aimed to determine the effect of a group game intervention on the preoperative anxiety levels of 94 parent-child dyads who were awaiting elective minor surgery at a pediatric surgery clinic. The experimental group intervention included routine preoperative preparation and a group (ie, child, parent, and researcher) game. After the parent dressed the child for surgery, a research team member assessed the child's and parent's anxiety levels using the Facial Affective Scale and Visual Facial Anxiety Scale, respectively. Before the child was transferred to the OR, the research team member reassessed both anxiety levels. When compared to the control group, the results showed that children and parents involved in facilitated group play experienced significantly decreased anxiety levels (P < .001).Öğe The Effects of Game Intervention on Postoperative Anxiety and Pain Levels in Children: A Randomized Controlled Study(Galenos Yayincilik, 2021) Unver, Seher; Guray, Ozlem; Aral, SedaAim: Surgery is a stressful and painful experience for children and it is important to control postoperative anxiety and pain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of game intervention on postoperative anxiety and pain levels in children. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was employed in the current study. Seventeen children in the intervention group started to play a game at their bedside with their parents at 15 minutes after their arrival at the service from the recovery room (pre-intervention period); while the twenty children in the control group only obtained the routing service protocol without any game intervention. The effectiveness of the game intervention was assessed at 60 minutes after arrival at the service from the recovery room (post-intervention period) using the facial affective scale for anxiety and the visual analog scale for pain. The analgesic needs of children after the surgery were recorded. Results: In both groups, the pre-intervention anxiety and pain were significantly decreased in the post-intervention period (p<0.05). The reduction of anxiety in the control group was significantly higher than the intervention group (p=0.006) and there was no significant difference between the post-intervention pain levels of the groups. The rate of analgesic need in the control group was significantly higher than the rate in the intervention group (p=0.048). Conclusion: The results indicate that children who took part in the game intervention with their parents did not have lower levels of anxiety or pain than children in the control group; however, the intervention was effective in decreasing both anxiety and pain levels after surgery. Based on the decreased rates of analgesic needs, it is recommended that nurses encourage parents to play with their children after surgery.Öğe Self – Medication with Analgesics Among Nursing Students for Pain Management(2020) Ünver, Seher; Özkan, Zeynep Kızılcık; Semerci, Remziye; Avcıbaşı, İlker Murat; Aral, SedaObjectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of nursing students regarding self - medicationwith analgesics for pain management.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the nursing department of a university in Turkeybetween May 12th - 27th 2016. For the data collection, a form was used that included questions about theindividual characteristics of the students as well as the status of self - medication with analgesics. Descriptiveanalysis, chi-square test and independent samples t-test were used for data analyzing. Statistically significantdifferences were expressed at the 95 percent level of confidence (p < .05).Results: Among 398 nursing students, 199 of them (50%) reported using analgesics for pain management duringthe last 30 days and self - medication with analgesics rate among students was 61.8% (n = 123). The main reasonfor self - medication was a previous analgesic experience.Conclusion: This study showed a critically high rate of self - medication with analgesics without a prescriptionamong nursing students. There is a need to raise awareness of nursing students about the disadvantages of self -medication to provide safe analgesic use.
