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    Comparison of dimension reduction methods using patient satisfaction data
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2007) Ture, Mevlut; Kurt, Imran; Akturk, Zekeriya
    In this study, we compared classical principal components analysis (PCA), generalized principal components analysis (GPCA), linear principal components analysis using neural networks (PCA-NN), and non-linear principal components analysis using neural networks (NLPCA-NN). Data were extracted from the patient satisfaction query with regard to the satisfaction of patients from hospital staff, which was applied in 2005 at the outpatient clinics of Trakya University Medical Faculty. We found that percentages of explained variance of principal components from PCA-NN and NLPCA-NN were highest for doctor, nurse, radiology technician, laboratory technician, and other staff using a patient satisfaction data set. Results show that methods using NN which have higher percentages of explained variances than classical methods could be used for dimension reduction. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Habitual tea drinking and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Turkish women
    (Verlag Hans Huber, 2007) Kara, Ismail Hamdi; Aydin, Serpil; Gemalmaz, Ayfer; Akturk, Zekeriya; Yaman, Hakan; Bozdemir, Nafiz; Kurdak, Hatice
    Aim: In this epidemiological report, we assessed the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal Turkish women and the relationship between body mass index (BMI), and some nutritional factors (habitual tea, coffee, tobacco, and milk product consumption) with OP. Methods: This multicenter study was done in postmenopausal women residing in five big cities, in four different regions of Turkey between August and November 2005. An inclusion criterion was being in the postmenopausal period for at least 12 months. A semi-structured questionnaire was completed by face-to-face interview, consisting of closed- and open-ended questions about demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and habits with two or more choices as possible responses. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed with a MetriScan (R) Densitometer (Alara Inc., Ca, USA). Results: Seven hundred twenty-four women were included in the study. The mean age was 57.6 +/- 9.6 years, and mean age at natural menopause was 46.4 +/- 5.6 years. Of the participants, 51% were illiterate. According to WHO classification; 42.5% were normal in terms of BMD, 27.2% had osteopenia, and 30.2% had OP. Women with high education levels had better T-scores (p = 0.0 19). Increase in BMI also had a positive effect on T-scores (p < 0.0001). A linear correlation was found between age (r= -0.386, p < 0.000 1), BMI (r = -0.175, p < 0.0001), and education (r = -0.317, p < 0.0001), with T-scores. The T-scores of women who consumed tea on a regular basis were found to be higher than non-consumers (-1.51 +/- 1.68 vs. -1.09 +/- 1.66; p = 0.070) [when smokers, those who received hormonal therapy (HT), and those > 65 years were excluded]. Conclusion: OP was determined in 1/3 of the women. Advanced age (> 65) and being illiterate were negative factors, while high education levels, being overweight, and being treated with HT had a positive effects on BMD. Habitual tea drinking also may have a positive effect on BMD. However, tea drinking was not found to be a statistically significant factor in the present study.
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    Health Screening Among Riyadh International Turkish School Students: Most Prominent Problems are Dental Caries and Irregular Sleep
    (Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Akturk, Zekeriya; Donmez, Hilmi; Guclu, Metin; Koru, Canan
    Objective: Health professionals including organizations such as the World Health Organization give much emphasis to screening programs in schools. A health screening program was planned for pupils in the classes of KG to grade five in the Riyadh International Turkish School (RUTO). Material and Methods: In December 2007, all of 958 students of RUTO were invited for the screening using a written informed consent from parents. Screened problems consisted of obesity, short stature, strabismus, myopia, anemia, sleep disorders, nutrition, heart murmurs, and tooth decay. Additionally, a questionnaire was applied about demographic characteristics such as social security, number of family members, and fathers occupation. Results were analyzed on computer. Results: Nine hundred ten students (95%) participated in the study (443 females and 467 males). Most frequent occupations of fathers were cook (17.7%; n= 145), car mechanic (16.3%; n= 133), barber (7.5%; n= 61), and welder (6.9%; n= 56). Eighty percent of the families (n= 619) did not have a health insurance. Participants were living in houses with 1.6 +/- 0.5 persons per room. More than 90% of the students (n= 731) were going to sleep after 10 pm. Mean sleep time was calculated as 10.49 +/- 0.58 hours. As the age of students increased, the total sleep duration decreased (p< 0.001). Forty four point seven percent (n= 371) of the students did not brush their teeth in the morning, and 80% (n= 675) had dental caries. Girls had a better oral health than boys (p< 0.001). While 108 students (13.1%) had myopia, only 32 (4.0%) of them were using eye glasses. Conclusion: Most parents of the RUTO students are expatriate workers without any health insurance. Most important health problems encountered are tooth decay, inappropriate sleep, and myopia. Health education programs should be started for students involving the families. Establishing a health cabin, employing a health care professional, and taking initiatives to provide health care for the families will be useful.
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    ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY AS INDICATORS OF CARDIAC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY IN DIABETES MELLITUS
    (Modestum Ltd, 2005) Kocer, Abdulkadir; Akturk, Zekeriya; Maden, Emin; Tasci, Atilla
    Aim: The aim of this study was to emphasize two different points in our work: 1) The well known importance of (subclinical) postural hypotension and reduced heart rate variability as (early) markers of autonomic neuropathy; 2) and the more controversial influence of diabetic control in their worsening. Methods: Two standard cardiovascular response tests (heart rate variability by respiration and orthostatic blood pressure changes) were carried out on 93 diabetic patients with prolonged QT interval in order to determine cardiac dysautonomy. QT segment duration was measured on electrocardiography recordings. Patients with HbA1c levels below 7 were considered as wellcontrolled diabetics. A cut off of 5 years was selected for the known duration of diabetes. The relations between cardiac autonomic neuropathy and diabetic control and the known duration of diabetes were determined. Results: The mean values for the known duration of diabetes and HbA1c level were 10 +/- 7.23 years and 9.5 +/- 2.3 mg/dl respectively. Median QTc differences, postural change in the systolic blood pressure, and changes of heart rate by respiration were 0.62 sec, 20 mmHg, and 6 beat/min, respectively. There was no difference in QTc values with respect to diabetes control but QTc values were significantly different with regard to the known duration of diabetes. Blood pressure variations with standing were significantly related to control as well as the known duration of diabetes. Variability of hearth rate with respiration on the other hand was significantly related to the duration but not to the control of diabetes. QTc showed a significant correlation with the known duration of diabetes, postural blood pressure changes, and heart rate variability with respiration. Conclusion: Clinician's should be more alert for the signs of autonomic neuropathy, especially in patients with a history of diabetes for more than five years. Special attention should be given to postural blood pressure changes and heart rate variability with respiration.
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    Sexual Activity Trends of Turkish Adolescents
    (Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2011) Dagdeviren, Nezih; Set, Turan; Akturk, Zekeriya; Oztora, Serdar
    Objective: To evaluate the sexual activity behaviors of Turkish adolescents at the transition period from high school to university, a prospective study was conducted inquiring the sexual activity patterns of adolescents applying to different programs of Trakya University in Edirne, Turkey. Material and Methods: All applicants were invited between 2001-2004. There were 16203 participants (3445, 3559, 5402, and 3797, respectively in the years studied) included. Data were analyzed using the Chi Square test. Results: 27.8% of the participants had at least one sexual intercourse (49.2% of the boys and 3.2% of the girls). Sexual activity rate gradually increased between 2001 and 2003, and declined to the 2001 values in 2004 (26.3%, 27.9%, 29.7% and 26.2% respectively). This difference was statistically significant (chi(2): 17.653, p< 0.01). Conclusion: Beginning sexual activity at early adolescence increases the importance some problems including unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. The fact that sexual activity among male adolescents is approximately 15 times more than their girl peers can be attributed to the approach of Turkish culture to sexuality and gender. While augmenting sexual education programs in undergraduate education, this gender difference and cultural factors should be further evaluated in order to reveal possible protective variables for adolescents.