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Öğe Investigation of the relationship between low Apgar scores and early neonatal thyroid function(Blackwell Science Asia, 2000) Sak, E; Akin, M; Aktürk, Z; Akin, F; Atay, E; Aydogdu, C; Yüzkollar, EBackground: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of low Apgar scores on perinatal thyroid function. Methods: Forty full-term infants delivered by the normal spontaneous vaginal route were enrolled into the study. All babies had 1 and 5 min Apgar scores below 4. The control group consisted of 26 full-term healthy neonates. Cord blood and serum tri-iodothyronine (T-3), thyroxine (T-4), reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT(3)), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) determinations were performed by an enzyme immunoassay method. Results: The mean values of FT4 and T-4 observed in the cord blood of the study group were significantly lower compared with matched controls, whereas the mean TSH values were significantly higher. There were no differences in concentrations of T-3, rT(3) and TBG between the two groups. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the existence of transient hypothyroidism at birth in babies with Apgar scores below 4 delivered by the spontaneous vaginal route.Öğe Smoking among adolescents(E M H Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd, 2002) Yorulmaz, F; Aktürk, Z; Dagdeviren, N; Dalkilic, AObjective: Smoking is a worldwide health problem. This study was designed to evaluate the current status and to examine some potential factors affecting smoking among adolescents. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting. Community based study. Subjects: Of all middle and high school students in Edirne, Turkey, 883 (6.83%) were randomly sampled. Mean age of the subjects was 15.0 +/- 1.8 years. Method: A self-applied questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, smoking status, school success, nutritional behaviour and self-esteem. The influence of different factors on smoking was evaluated with a logistic regression model. Results: There were 89 active smokers (11.1%) with the critical age of 15 years for smoking commitment. 609 students (71.9%) were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Nutritional behaviour rich in vegetables (OR = 0.813), high school success (OR = 0.807), longer time reserved for homework (OR = 0.718) and eating breakfast (OR = 0.353) were significantly associated with a lower smoking rate. Having a mother, who smoked (OR = 2.155), increasing age (OR = 1.704), increasing number of siblings (OR = 1.351) and eating fast food (OR = 1.150) were associated with significantly higher smoking rates. Conclusion: An educational programme aimed at changing behaviour and attitude to tobacco smoking and including nutritional counselling with high emphasis on the transition age from early to late adolescence may be a successful primary prevention. In addition projects designed to improve school performance may lead to a reduction in smoking rates while providing an investment in the future of the teenagers.