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Öğe Antioxidant and renoprotective effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine on contrast-induced nephropathy in rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Aksu, Feyza; Aksu, Burhan; Unlu, Nermin; Karaca, Turan; Ayvaz, Suleyman; Erman, Hayriye; Uzun, HafizeContrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a major cause of morbidity, and increased costs as well as an increased risk of death. This study was evaluated effects of exogenous sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) administration on CIN in rats. Eight animals were included in each of the following eight groups: control, control phosphate-buffered solution (PBS), control SPC 2, control SPC 10, CIN, CIN PBS, CIN SPC 2 and CIN SPC 10. The induced nephropathy was created by injected with 4g iodine/kg body weight. SPC was administered 3d at a daily two different doses of 2m/mL and 10m/mL intraperitoneally. The severity of renal injury score was determined by the histological and immunohistochemical changes in the kidney. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined to evaluate the oxidative status in the renal tissue. Treatment with 2 and 10M SPC inhibited the increase in renal MDA, NO levels significantly and also attenuated the depletion of SOD in the renal injuryCIN. These data were supported by histopathological findings. The inducible nitric oxide synthase positive cells and apoptotic cells in the renal tissue were observed to be reduced with the 2 and 10M SPC treatment. These findings suggested that 2 and 10M doses can attenuate renal damage in contrast nephropathy by prevention of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The low and high dose SPC may be a promising new therapeutic agent for CIN.Öğe Blunt chest trauma in childhood(Wiley, 2007) Inan, Mustafa; Ayvaz, Suleyman; Sut, Necdet; Aksu, Burhan; Basaran, Umit N.; Ceylan, TuranBackground: Although thoracic injuries are uncommon in children, their rate of morbidity and mortality is high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of children with blunt chest injury and to investigate the predictive accuracy of their paediatric trauma scores (PTS). Methods: Between September 1996 and September 2006, children with blunt thoracic trauma were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical features and PTS of the patients were recorded. Results: There were 27 male and 17 female patients. The mean age was 7.1 +/- 3.4 years, and the mean PTS was 7.6 +/- 2.4. Nineteen cases were injuries caused by motor vehicle/pedestrian accidents, 11 motor vehicle accidents, 8 falls and 6 motor vehicle/bicycle or motorbike accidents. The following were noted: 28 pulmonary contusions, 12 pneumothoraxes, 10 haemothoraxes, 9 rib fractures, 7 haemopneumothoraxes, 5 clavicle fractures and 2 flail chests, 1 diaphragmatic rupture and 1 pneumatocele case. The cut-off value of PTS to discriminate mortality was found to be <= 4, at which point sensitivity was 75.0% and specificity was 92.5%. Twenty-seven patients were treated non-operatively, 17 were treated with a tube thoracostomy and two were treated with a thoracotomy. Four patients who suffered head and abdominal injuries died (9.09%). Conclusion: Thoracic injuries in children expose a high mortality rate as a consequence of head or abdominal injuries. PTS may be helpful to identify mortality in children with blunt chest trauma. Blunt thoracic injuries in children can be treated with a non-operative approach and a tube thoracostomy.Öğe Çocuklarda kasıkta ortaya çıkan ve yaşamı tehdit eden bir sorun: Boğulmuş fıtık(2007) İnan, Mustafa; Başaran, Ümit Nusret; Aksu, Burhan; Dereli, Murat; Dötdoğan, ZaferAmaç: Çocuklarda görülen en sık cerrahi hastalık kasık fıtıklarıdır ve %5-18 oranında boğulma riski taşır. Bu çalışmada bebek ve çocuklarda görülen boğulmuş kasık fıtığının klinik özellikleri incelendi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ocak 1994-Haziran 2006 döneminde boğulmuş kasık fıtığı nedeniyle takip ve tedavi edilen 33 çocuk olgunun (30 erkek, 3 kız; ort. yaş 2; dağılım 20 gün-6 yaş) kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Kasıkta şişlik (n=33), kusma (n=19) ve skrotumda krepitasyon (n=10) en sık görülen semptomlardı. Olgulardan 26'sında elle geri itme girişimi başarılı oldu ancak yedi olguda acil cerrahi girişim yapılması gerekti. Fıtık kesesinde en çok sıkışan organ ince bağırsaklardı (n=22). Olgulardan üçünde testis iskemisi, ikisinde ince bağırsak, birinde ise kalın bağırsak iskemisi gelişmişti. Boğulmuş kasık fıtığı nedeniyle iki hasta (%6.0) kaybedildi. Sonuç: Bölgemizde boğulmuş kasık fıtığı olgularının hastaneye getirilmesinin geciktirildiği düşüncesindeyiz. Çocuklarda kasık fıtığı görüldüğünde mümkün olan en kısa zamanda ameliyat edilmelidir. Böylece boğulmuş kasık fıtığının yol açtığı yaşamsal sorunlar ortadan kaldırılmış olacaktır.Öğe Çocuklarda özofagus yabancı cisimlerine yaklaşım(2005) Pul, Mehmet; İnan, Mustafa; Aksu, Burhan; Aydıner, Çağatay YalçınAmaç: Çocuklardaki özofagus yabancı cisimlerinin klinik özellikleri ve tedavi yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi.Yöntem: Kliniğimizde Haziran 1994 ile Eylül 2004 arası dönemde özofagus yabancı cismi nedeniyle takip ve tedavi edilen 38 hasta geriye dönük bir çalışmayla incelendi. Tanı amacıyla öykü, orofarenks ve hipofarenks fizik bakısı ile radyolojik değerlendirmeden yararlanıldı. Tedavi amacıyla Magill pensi, özofagoskopi ve foley kateter uygulaması gibi yöntemler kullanıldı.Bulgular: Yaşları 5 gün ile 15 yaş arasında (medyan 2 yaş) olan 26 erkek ve 12 kız çocuğu tedavi edildi. Hastaların en yaygın şikayetleri yutma güçlüğü, salya artışı ve öksürüktü. Yabancı cisimlerin yerleşimi 25 vakada servikal özofagus, 6 vakada torasik özofagus ve 7 vakada kardioözofageal bileşke olarak saptandı. Çıkarılan nesneler arasında madeni cisimler önemli yer tutmaktaydı (n=27). Vakaların 34'ünde yabancı cisimler genel anestezi altında, 4'ünde ise, hasta uyutulmadan foley kateter aracılığı ile çıkartıldı. Hiçbir vakada yabancı cismi çıkartmak için açık cerrahi girişim gerekmedi. Yalnız bir vakada rijit özofagoskopi uygulaması sırasında pnömomediasten gelişti.Sonuç: Servikal özofagus ve farenks yerleşimli olan yabancı cisimler başka bir işleme gerek kalmadan Magill pensi ile çıkartılabilir. Düzgün yüzeyli cisim yuttuğu bilinen ve seçilmiş bazı vakalarda yabancı cismin çıkarılması için foley kateter uygulaması yapılababilr. Özofagoskopi, özofagus yabancı cisimlerinin tanı ve tedavisinde kullanılan güvenilir bir yöntemdir.Öğe Çocukluk çağında görülen sindirim sistemi perforasyonları(2003) Aydıner, Çağatay Yalçın; Pul, Mehmet; İnan, Mustafa; Aksu, BurhanAmaç : Çocukluk çağında sindirim sistemi perforasyonu görülen olguların literatür eşliğinde incelenmesi. Gereç ve Yöntem: 1994-2002 yılları arasında sindirim sistemi perforasyonu tanısı alan 35 hasta geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Olgular; yenidoğan, infant ve çocuk olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Yenidoğan grubunda, sindirim sistemi perforasyonıtnun en sık nekrotizan enterokolit (n=10) nedeniyle, ileumda (n=9) geliştiği gözlendi. Bu hastalara genellikle ileostomi (n=8) yapıldı ve mortalite oranı %35.2 oldu. Infant grubunda, bir mide ve bir kolon perforasyonu gözlendi. Bir hastada da perforasyonuıi yeri bulunamadı. Bu grupta sadece bir hasta yaşadı. Çocuk grubunda ise en sık perforasyon sebebi karın travması (n=4) ve koroziv madde alımıydı (n =4). Bu olgulara genellikle primer tamir (n=6) yapıldı ve mortalite oranı %26.6 oldu. Sonuçlar: Sağlık teknolojisindeki gelişmeler çocuklarda görülen sindirim sistemi peıforasyonlarımn tanı, tedavi ve takip yöntemlerine ciddi katkılar sağlamıştır. Ancak yaşamı tehdit eden bu sorun günümüzde bile ciddiyetini korumaktadır. Erken tanı ve uygun cerrahi tedavi mortalite oranını düşüren en önemli faktörlerdir.Öğe Çocukluk çağında trakeobronşiyal yabancı cisim aspirasyonları(2005) Pul, Mehmet; İnan, Mustafa; Aksu, Burhan; Aydıner, Çağatay YalçınAmaç: Trakeobronşiyal yabancı cisim aspirasyonu şüphesi ile acil servise getirilen hastaların tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerinin değerlendirilmesi.Yöntem: Kasım 1996 ve Temmuz 2004 döneminde yabancı cisim aspirasyonu şüphesiyle bronkoskopi yapılan 26 hasta geriye dönük bir çalışmayla incelendi. Tanı öykü, fizik bakı, radyolojik yöntemler ve bronkoskopik inceleme ile konuldu.Bulgular: Vakaların 11'i erkek ve 15'i kız çocuğuydu. Hastaların yaşları 8 ay ile 14 yaş arasındaydı (ortalama 44.7±52.9 ay). Yabancı cisim 10 vakada sağ ana bronş, 3 vakada sol ana bronş ve 7 vakada trakea yerleşimliydi. Altı vakada yabancı cisime rastlanmadı. Çıkartılan yabancı cisimlerin büyük çoğunluğu organik maddelerdi (n=15). Radyolojik incelemelerde yalnızca bir vakada yabancı cisime ait opasite, diğerlerinde ise indirekt bulgular saptandı. Tüm vakalarda torakotomi gerekmeksizin bronkoskopi ile yabancı cisim çıkartıldı. Bir vakada operasyon sırasında pnömotoraks gelişti.Sonuç: Trakeobronşial yabancı cisim aspirasyonlarında genellikle indirekt radyolojik bulgular gözlenmektedir. Genel anestezi altında yapılan bronkoskopi en etkili tanı ve tedavi yöntemidir.Öğe Colon perforation due to pathologic aerophagia in an intellectually disabled child(Blackwell Publishing, 2007) Basaran, Umit N.; Inan, Mustafa; Aksu, Burhan; Ceylan, TuranAerophagia, characterized by symptoms related to repetitive swallowing of air, is a functional gastrointestinal disorder. In some cases, severe aerophagia causes massive bowel distention and leads to volvulus, ileus, and even intestinal necrosis and perforation. A 10-year-old intellectually disabled boy was referred to our unit due to severe abdominal distention, bilious vomiting, no passage of feces and flatus during the previous 3 days. He had experienced episodes of severe abdominal distention and flatulence over the past 2-3 years. In the exploratory laparotomy, two old colonic perforations were found. Splenic flexura resection and diverting colostomy were performed. Rectal biopsy showed ganglionic architecture. During the fifth postoperative month, he was admitted to the emergency unit with severe abdominal distention. During this visit, we observed him swallowing air. For this reason, his primary illness was diagnosed as a pathologic aerophagia. The colostomy was closed 11 months following the first operation. His parents did not accept gastrostomy as a desufflator. For this reason, they were taught nasogastric tube installation for gastric distention. Briefly, if abdominal distention increases during the course of the day and increased flatus is observed during sleep, aerophagia could be the primary pathology. If aerophagia could cause complications, gastrostomy should be applied. If the parents refuse gastrostomy, the parents could perform nasogastric tube drainage.Öğe Comparison of temporal artery, nasopharyngeal, and axillary temperature measurement during anesthesia in children(Elsevier Science Inc, 2012) Sahin, Sevtap Hekimoglu; Duran, Ridvan; Sut, Necdet; Colak, Alkin; Acunas, Betul; Aksu, BurhanStudy Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and precision of a new, noninvasive infrared thermometer applied to the temporal artery. Design: Prospective randomized study. Setting: Trakya University Hospital. Patients: 60 ASA physical status 1 and 2 children undergoing surgery. Interventions: During anesthesia, temperature measurements were recorded with three different techniques: temporal artery, nasopharynx, and axillary temperature. Measurements: Temperatures measured from the nasopharynx, temporal artery, and the axilla were recorded at 15-minute intervals for the first hour, then at 30-minute intervals until the completion of surgery. During each measurement, heart rate and midarterial pressure were recorded. Main Results: There were no statistically significant differences between temperatures recorded at the temporal artery and nasopharynx at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, and the completion of surgery. Axillary temperatures were statistically lower than those recorded at the nasopharynx and the temporal artery (P < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots showed a correlation of temperature measurements between the temporal artery and nasopharyngeal methods. The axillary method had a lower correlation with the temporal artery and the nasopharyngeal methods. Conclusions: The temporal artery thermometer is a substitute for the nasopharyngeal thermometer for core temperature measurement during anesthesia in children. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Congenital Spigelian hernia associated with undescended testis(Zhejiang Univ Sch Medicine, 2012) Inan, Mustafa; Basaran, Umit Nusret; Aksu, Burhan; Dortdogan, Zafer; Dereli, MuratBackground: A Spigelian hernia (SH) is a ventral interstitial hernia through, a defect in the Spigelian fascia; an undescended testis is sometimes associated with this clinical entity in male newborns. The etiopathogenesis, surgical anatomy, diagnostic methods, and treatment for this rare condition are discussed with a review of the literature. Methods: A 20-day-old newborn was admitted to our hospital for a swelling in the right lower abdomen and undescended testis. Physical examination of the abdomen and scrotum revealed a congenital SH associated with cryptorchidism. Results: Herniotomy, herniorrhaphy, and orchidopexy were performed. In the post-operative period, scrotal abscess occurred and was drained. After drainage, the fixed testis was found to be atrophic. Conclusions: This association may be a distinct clinical syndrome. The operation time in cases of neonatal SH with undescended testis should be well planned because of probable surgical complications such as vascular damage, tension, or compression. World J Pediatr 2012;8(2):185-187Öğe A cost analysis of radiologic imaging in pediatric trauma patients(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2010) Guzel, Ahmet; Temizoz, Osman; Aksu, Burhan; Sut, Necdet; Karasalihoglu, SerapBACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the cost of radiologic imaging in pediatric trauma patients admitted to the pediatric emergency department. METHODS All patients were retrospectively evaluated according to age, gender, details of injury, radiological investigations ordered and their results, cost of radiologic imaging, length of stay, outcome of the injury, and hospitalization rates. RESULTS The cost of radiologic imaging was retrospectively analyzed in 1231 trauma patients aged between one month and 15 years (mean 5.91 +/- 3.82 years). For the 996 patients who had radiological imaging, 3382 images were taken in total. Of these, only 300 (8.8%) were abnormal. The mean (and SD) total cost of radiologic imaging was US$ 40.42 ($34.38) (range $4.67 to $139.26). Total cost correlated inversely with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (r=-0.37, p<0.001), directly with Injury Severity Score (ISS) (r=0.27, p<0.001) and was not correlated with the Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS) (r=-0.16, p>0.05). The mean (and SD) duration of hospital stays was 8.54 (10.91) hours. CONCLUSION Advanced radiological images may help in early diagnosis of trauma cases. However, periodic education programs to prevent unnecessary radiological imaging in emergency departments are also necessary to decrease the cost of these imaging modalities.Öğe Desferrioxamine effectively attenuates testicular tissue at the end of 3 h of ischemia but not in an equal period of reperfusion(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014) Ayvaz, Suleyman; Inan, Mustafa; Aksu, Burhan; Karaca, Turan; Cemek, Mustafa; Ayaz, Ahmet; Basaran, Umit NusretObjective: To investigate the effect of desferrioxamine (DFX) on ipsilateral and contralateral testis damage caused by experimental testis torsion and detorsion. Materials and methods: Forty rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): control, torsion (T), torsion + desferrioxamine (T + DFX), torsion/detorsion (T/D), and torsion/detorsion + desferrioxamine (T/D + DFX). The right testes of the rats were subjected to torsion and detorsion for 3 h each. Thirty minutes before the application of torsion and detorsion, DFX (100 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly. Blood samples and testicular tissues were examined using specific biochemical and histopathological methods. Results: Ipsilateral and contralateral testis tissue glutathione levels in the T group decreased compared with the control and T + DFX groups. Plasma glutathione peroxidase activity in the T, T/D, and T/D + DFX groups was lower than in the control group. Plasma catalase activity in the T and T/D groups decreased compared with the control group. Ipsilateral mean seminiferous tubule diameter of the T group was lower than that of the T + DFX group. The ipsilateral mean testis biopsy scores in the T and T/D groups were lower than in the control group. Conclusion: The administration of DFX prior to torsion may be useful only for preventing ischemic damage in ipsilateral and contralateral testes. (C) 2013 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Desferrioxamine Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Lung Contusion(Hindawi Ltd, 2013) Basaran, Umit Nusret; Ayvaz, Suleyman; Aksu, Burhan; Karaca, Turan; Cemek, Mustafa; Karaboga, Ihsan; Inan, MustafaOur hypothesis in this study is that desferrioxamine (DFX) has therapeutic effects on experimental lung contusions in rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): control, control+DFX, contusion, and contusion+DFX. In the control+DFX and contusion+DFX groups, 100 mg/kg DFX was given intraperitoneally once a day just after the contusion and the day after the contusion. Contusions led to a meaningful rise in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in lung tissue. MDA levels in the contusion+DFX group experienced a significant decline. Glutathione levels were significantly lower in the contusion group than in the control group and significantly higher in the contusion+DFX group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the contusion group were significantly lower than those in the control group. In the contusion+DFX group, SOD and GPx levels were significantly higher than those in the contusion group. In light microscopic evaluation, the contusion and contusion+DFX groups showed edema, hemorrhage, alveolar destruction, and leukocyte infiltration. However, histological scoring of the contusion+DFX group was significantly more positive than that of the contusion group. The iNOS staining in the contusion group was significantly more intensive than that in all other groups. DFX reduced iNOS staining significantly in comparison to the contusion group. This study showed that DFX reduced oxidative stress in lung contusions in rats and histopathologically ensured the recovery of the lung tissue.Öğe The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on aspiration pneumonia(Springer, 2011) Sahin, Sevtap Hekimoglu; Kanter, Mehmet; Ayvaz, Suleyman; Colak, Alkin; Aksu, Burhan; Guzel, Ahmet; Basaran, Umit NusretWe have studied whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) prevents different pulmonary aspiration materials-induced lung injury in rats. The experiments were designed in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats, ranging in weight from 250 to 300 g, randomly allotted into one of six groups (n = 10): saline control, Biosorb Energy Plus (BIO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), saline + HBO treated, BIO + HBO treated, and HCl + HBO treated. Saline, BIO, HCl were injected into the lungs in a volume of 2 ml/kg. A total of seven HBO sessions were performed at 2,4 atm 100% oxygen for 90 min at 6-h intervals. Seven days later, rats were sacrificed, and both lungs in all groups were examined biochemically and histopathologically. Our findings show that HBO inhibits the inflammatory response reducing significantly (P < 0.05) peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar septal infiltration, alveolar edema, alveolar exudate, alveolar histiocytes, interstitial fibrosis, granuloma, and necrosis formation in different pulmonary aspiration models. Pulmonar aspiration significantly increased the tissue HP content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant enzyme (SOD, GSH-Px) activities. HBO treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the elevated tissue HP content, and MDA levels and prevented inhibition of SOD, and GSH-Px (P < 0.05) enzymes in the tissues. Furthermore, there is a significant reduction in the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, TUNEL and arise in the expression of surfactant protein D in lung tissue of different pulmonary aspiration models with HBO therapy. It was concluded that HBO treatment might be beneficial in lung injury, therefore, shows potential for clinical use.Öğe The effect of methylene blue treatment on aspiration pneumonia(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2015) Kanter, Mehmet; Sahin, Sevtap Hekimoglu; Basaran, Umit Nusret; Ayvaz, Suleyman; Aksu, Burhan; Erboga, Mustafa; Colak, AlkinBackground: The study aimed to examine whether methylene blue (MB) prevents different pulmonary aspiration materials-induced lung injury in rats. Methods: The experiments were designed in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats, ranging in weight from 250-300 g, randomly allotted into one of six groups (n = 10): saline control, Biosorb Energy Plus (BIO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), saline + MB treated, BIO + MB treated, and HCl + MB treated. Saline, BIO, and HCl were injected into the lungs in a volume of 2 mL/kg. After surgical procedure, MB was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg per day. Seven days later, rats were killed, and both lungs in all groups were examined biochemically and histopathologically. Results: Our findings show that MB inhibits the inflammatory response reducing significantly (P < 0.05) peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar septal infiltration, alveolar edema, alveolar exudate, alveolar histiocytes, interstitial fibrosis, granuloma, and necrosis formation in different pulmonary aspiration models. Pulmonary aspiration significantly increased the tissue hydroxyproline content, malondialdehyde levels, and decreased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activities. MB treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the elevated tissue hydroxyproline content and malondialdehyde levels and prevented the inhibition of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) enzymes in the tissues. Furthermore, there is a significant reduction in the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, and arise in the expression of surfactant protein D in lung tissue of different pulmonary aspiration models with MB therapy. Conclusions: MB treatment might be beneficial in lung injury and therefore shows potential for clinical use. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of hyperbaric oxygen application against cholestatic oxidative stress and hepatic damage after bile duct ligation in rats(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2013) Ayvaz, Suleyman; Kanter, Mehmet; Aksu, Burhan; Sahin, Sevtap Hekimoglu; Uzun, Hafize; Erboga, Mustafa; Pul, MehmetBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) on the liver tissue against bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced oxidative damage and fibrosis in rats. Materials and methods: We divided 32 adult male Sprague Dawley rats into four groups: sham, sham plus HBO, BDL, and BDL plus HBO; each group contained eight animals. We placed the sham plus HBO and BDL plus HBO groups in an experimental hyperbaric chamber in which we administered pure oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute 100% oxygen for 90 min on 14 consecutive days. Results: The application of BDL clearly increased the tissue malondialdehyde level, myeloperoxidase activity, and hydroxyproline content and decreased the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) and glutathione level. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue malondialdehyde level, myeloperoxidase activity, and hydroxyproline content and increased the reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and glutathione level in the tissues. The changes demonstrating the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts include the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, mononuclear cells, and neutrophil infiltration into the widened portal areas were observed in BDL group. Treatment of BDL with HBO attenuated alterations in liver histology. Alpha smooth muscle actin, cytokeratinpositive ductular proliferation, and the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2'-deoxyuridine, 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling in the BDL decreased with HBO treatment. Conclusions: The data indicate that HBO attenuates BDL-induced oxidative injury, hepatocytes damage, bile duct proliferation, and fibrosis. The hepatoprotective effect of HBO is associated with antioxidative potential. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of methylene blue in reducing cholestatic oxidative stress and hepatic damage after bile-duct ligation in rats(Elsevier Gmbh, Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2010) Aksu, Burhan; Umit, Hasan; Kanter, Mehmet; Guzel, Ahmet; Aktas, Cevat; Civelek, Sabiha; Uzun, HafizeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of methylene blue against cholestatic oxidative stress and liver damage after ligation of the common bile duct in male Wistar rats. Eight animals were included in each of the following five groups: untreated control, methylene blue control, sham-operated, bile-duct ligation, and bile-duct ligation plus methylene blue. Methylene blue was administered intraperitoneally for 14 days at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg per day. All rats were sacrificed 2 weeks following the experimental treatment and the livers of all groups were examined biochemically and histopathologically. The severity of cholestasis and hepatic injury were determined by changes in the plasma, including enzymatic activities: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamine transferase, and also bilirubin levels. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase were measured to indicate the oxidative status in the liver tissue. Myeloperoxidase activity and levels of tissue hydroxyproline were determined as measures of neutrophil activation and collagen accumulation, respectively. Liver damage was significantly prevented in the bile-duct ligated rats treated with methylene blue compared with the control bile-duct ligated rats without methylene blue. Treatment with methylene blue markedly reduced activities of serum transaminase, gamma glutamine transferase and bilirubin levels as compared to bile-duct ligated rats without methylene blue. Positive immunolabelling for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was increased, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells, fibrotic septa and also around the proliferated bile ducts, after bile-duct ligation. Only weak alpha-SMA immunolabelling was seen in livers of rats treated with methylene blue. These results indicate that methylene blue can attenuate hepatic damage in extrahepatic cholestasis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of methylene blue on renal scarring due to pyelonephritis in rats(Springer, 2007) Aksu, Burhan; Inan, Mustafa; Kanter, Mehmet; Puyan, Fulya Oz; Uzun, Hafize; Durmus-Altun, Gulay; Gurcan, SabanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of methylene blue (MB) in preventing renal scar formation after the induction of pyelonephritis (PNP) in a rat model with delayed antimicrobial therapy. An inoculum of the K-12 strain of Escherichia coli was injected into both kidneys. Control groups received isotonic saline instead of bacterial solution. Four equal groups were then formed: the PNP group was untreated and the PNP ciprofloxacin (CIP) treated group was treated only with CIP intraperitoneally (i.p.) starting on the third day following bacterial inoculation. In the PNP (MB)-treated group, MB was given i.p., and in the PNP MB + CIP-treated group, MB + CIP were administered i.p.. In the sixth week following bacterial inoculation, all rats were sacrificed, and both kidneys of the rats in all groups were examined biochemically and histopathologically for renal scarring. Renal scar was significant in the groups treated with MB alone or MB + CIP combination compared with untreated or antibiotic only groups. Delayed treatment with antibiotics had no effect on scarring. These results suggest that the addition of MB to the delayed antibiotic therapy might be beneficial in preventing PNP-induced oxidative renal tissue damage.Öğe The effects of N-acetylcysteine on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats(Saudi Med J, 2009) Ayvaz, Suleyman; Aksu, Burhan; Inan, Mustafa; Uzun, Hafize; Aydin, Seval; Bilgi, Selcuk; Umit, Hasan C.Objectives: To evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the injury of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 6 groups: as control, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, ischemia + N-acetylcysteine, ischemia-reperfusion + N-acerylcysteine (IRN), and reperfusion + N-acetylcysteine (RN). Histopathologic examination was performed to all groups. In the tissue and plasma, and erythrocyte samples, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated. The present study was carried out in Trakya and Istanbul University, Edirne, Turkey between December 2002 and July 2003. Results: The most severe histopathological damage was seen in the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group, and this damage was observed to be reduced by NAC administration. Lowest plasma malondialdehyde levels were observed in RN group. The tissue glutathione levels were found to be higher in RN group than those in IRN group. Conclusion: It was found that administration of NAC has important effects on the injury of intestinal ischemia, as well as, reperfusion in rats. N-acerylcysteine administration causes an improvement in the histopathologic findings of ischemia/reperfusion damages. The N-acerylcysteine treatment protects the antioxidant enzymes in the tissue, plasma, and the erythrocytes, which are crucially important in the intestinal schemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Öğe Effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine against cholestatic oxidative stress and liver damage in the common bile duct ligated rats(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2009) Aksu, Burhan; Umit, Hasan; Kanter, Mehmet; Guzel, Ahmet; Inan, Mustafa; Civelek, Sabiha; Aktas, CevatThe goal of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) against cholestatic oxidative stress and liver damage in the common bile duct ligated rats. Fifty-six animals were included in each of the following 7 groups: control, SPC control, phosphate-buffered solution control, sham operated, bile duct ligation (BDL), BDL plus phosphate-buffered solution, and BDL plus SPC. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine was administered 14 days at a daily dose of 2 mu m/mL intraperitoneally. The severity of cholestasis and hepatic injury was determined by changes in the plasma enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gama glutamin transferase, and levels of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and superoxide dismutase were determined to evaluate the oxidative status in the liver tissue. Myeloperoxidase activity and levels of tissue hydroxyproline were determined to assess neutrophil activation and collagen accumulation, respectively. Treatment with SPC markedly reduced serum transaminase activities as compared to BDL rats. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine also inhibited the increase in liver malondialdehyde; nitric oxide levels significantly and also attenuated the depletion of superoxide dismutase in the liver after BDL. Similarly, the increase in tissue myeloperoxidase activity and hydroxyproline owing to BDL was also attenuated by the SPC treatment. These data were supported by histopathologic findings. The a-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in the BDL were observed to be reduced with the SPC treatment. In conclusion, these findings suggested that SPC can attenuate hepatic damage in extrahepatic cholestasis by prevention of oxidative stress, and inflammatory process. All these findings suggest that SPC may be a promising new therapeutic agent for cholestatic liver injury. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine against oxidative stress and acute lung injury induced by pulmonary contusion in rats(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2015) Aksu, Burhan; Ayvaz, Suleyman; Aksu, Feyza; Karaca, Turan; Cemek, Mustafa; Ayaz, Ahmet; Demirtas, SelimBackground/purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate effects of exogenous sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) administration on acute lung injury induced by pulmonary contusion in rats. Methods: Eight animals were included in each of the following five groups: control, contusion, contusion phosphate-buffered solution (PBS), contusion SPC 2, contusion SPC 10. SPC was administered 3 days at a daily two different doses of 2 mu m/ml and 10 mu m/ml intraperitoneally. The severity of lung injury was determined by the neutrophil activation and histological and immunohistochemical changes in the lung. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) were determined to evaluate the oxidative status in the lung tissue. Results: Treatment with 2 mu M SPC inhibited the increase in lung MDA and NO levels significantly and also attenuated the depletion of SOD, GPx, and GSH in the lung injury induced by pulmonary contusion. These data were supported by histopathological findings. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) positive cells and apoptotic cells in the lung tissue were observed to be reduced with the 2 mu M SPC treatment. But, the 10 mu M SPC treatment did not provide similar effects. Conclusions: In conclusion, these findings suggested that 2 mu M SPC can attenuate lung damage in pulmonary contusion by prevention of oxidative stress, inflammatory process and apoptosis. All these findings suggest that low dose SPC may be a promising new therapeutic agent for acute lung injury. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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